Globalisation and Social Change Class 12 Notes

These Notes for Class 12 Sociology Chapter 6 Globalisation and Social Change give a clear, short summary of the whole chapter, set to the latest 2026-27 CBSE syllabus. They cover what globalisation means, its economic, political and cultural sides, the 1991 liberalisation, and the debate between homogenisation and glocalisation. Students can use them for fast revision before the board exam.

• One-page summary of every topic in Social Change and Development in India Chapter 6.
• This Class 12 Sociology chapter usually carries 5 to 6 marks per board paper.
• Pairs with the NCERT Solutions, Handwritten Notes and Book PDF linked lower on this page.

These Class 12 Sociology Chapter 6 Notes are written by subject experts from the official NCERT Social Change and Development in India textbook, in plain English for quick board revision.

Globalisation and Social Change Class 12 Notes Overview

Globalisation and Social Change is the sixth chapter of Social Change and Development in India. It explains how the growing interdependence of the world's people, money and ideas changes life in India. The chapter has three sides that students should keep separate in their minds.

• Economic side: liberalisation, transnational corporations and the electronic economy.
• Political side: the changing role of the State and new global rules.
• Cultural side: the debate between homogenisation and glocalisation.

These Notes summarise each side in one place, so students do not have to re-read the full chapter. Keep this overview in mind, then read each section below as a quick recap of the main NCERT points.

The Economic Dimension: Liberalisation and the Globalised Economy

The economic side is where globalisation in India became visible. The chapter ties it to the 1991 liberalisation, when India opened its economy to the world. The Notes below sum up the features of a globalised economy.

• Liberalisation: the State lowers trade barriers and lets foreign firms enter, as India did in 1991.
• Transnational corporations: companies like Coca Cola and General Motors that work across many countries.
• Electronic economy: money and finance moved across the globe at the click of a button.
• Weightless or knowledge economy: products based on information, such as software and media.
• New international division of labour: routine work moves to low-cost countries.

The point to remember is that a globalised economy moves money, information and labour, not just goods. The image below collects the key economic terms for one-look revision.

The Cultural Dimension: Homogenisation versus Glocalisation

The cultural side is the most-asked area in this chapter. The Notes here sum up the central debate so students can recall it fast.

• Homogenisation: the worry that all cultures become similar and local ways vanish.
• Glocalisation: the mixing of global with local, so global products gain a local flavour.
• Culture is not fixed: no culture is pure or unchanging, says the chapter.
• Culture of consumption: malls, multiplexes and media push a shopping-led lifestyle.
• Threat to crafts: indigenous crafts and knowledge systems can be squeezed out.

The key recall point is that globalisation often blends with local culture rather than wiping it out. Foreign TV channels add Indian content and food chains add Indian dishes, which is glocalisation in action. The image below sets the two views side by side.

Globalisation and Social Change Key Terms to Memorise

A handful of terms carry most of the marks in this chapter. Learning them in one place saves a lot of time. The table below lists each term with a one-line meaning for quick recall.

Students who keep these six terms ready can answer most short questions in globalisation and social change class 12 without re-reading the chapter.

Quick Revision and Last-Minute Recall

For the night before the exam, a short recall list beats re-reading the whole chapter. The points below are the ones examiners reward most.

Reading this recall list twice, once a week before and once the night before, fixes the main points well. Keep a clear example for each side, since examples lift a short answer to full marks.

How These Notes Pair with the Solutions and Book PDF

These Notes give the summary. To revise the full chapter, students should use them alongside the other resources for the same chapter, all linked in the table below.

Tip: read these Notes first to get the map of the chapter, then attempt the Solutions on your own. That order builds memory faster than reading answers straight away.

All Notes for Class 12 Sociology

The table links the Notes for every chapter in both Class 12 Sociology books, so students can move across the course in one click. Globalisation and Social Change is highlighted.

FAQs on Globalisation and Social Change Class 12 Notes