Content Curator
Electric field lines are lines that represent the magnitude and direction of an electric field at various places within the region that contains that field.
- It is a straight or curved imaginary line such that the tangent on the field line gives the direction of the electric field.
- A field line is a graphical tool for representing vector fields.
- It is made up of an imaginary integral curve that is perpendicular to the field vector at each point along its length.
- A field line diagram is a usual way of demonstrating a vector field in scientific and mathematical literature; it shows a sample group of neighboring field lines.
- They are used to represent electric fields, magnetic fields, gravitational fields, and a variety of other types of fields.
The properties of electric field lines are
- If the electric field in a specific region of space is zero, electric field lines cease to exist.
- Field lines generally move from a higher to a lower potential.
- Field lines begin with a positive charge and terminate with a negative charge.
- Lines in a uniform electric field are linear, parallel, and uniformly arranged.
- Electric field lines never cross one another.
- The field lines are perpendicular to the charge's area.
- A single charge must be used for the field lines to begin or finish at infinity.
- Because of the force of attraction between two positively charged objects, electric field lines tend to shorten in length.
- Electric field lines tend to point away from positive charges and towards negative charges.
Very Short Answers Questions [1 Mark Questions]
Ques. Who introduced the electric field lines?
- Newton
- Faraday
- Albert Einstein
- Kepler
Ans. The correct answer is b. Faraday
Explanation: Michael Faraday, an English physicist and chemist was the first to introduce electric field lines.
Ques. The number of field lines as well as the magnitude of charge are
- Half of each other
- Twice the other
- Proportional to each other
- Not proportional to each other
Ans. The correct answer is c. Proportional to each other
Explanation: The number of field lines and the magnitude of charge are both proportional.
Ques. Electric field lines originate from ______ charge.
- Positive
- Negative
Ans. The correct answer is a. Positive
Explanation: The electric field lines originate from a positive charge.
Ques. Electrostatic field lines do not form any closed loops.
- True
- False
Ans. The correct answer is a. True
Explanation: Electric fields are conservative in nature, and field lines do not form a closed loop.
Ques. The field lines are ______ to the surface of the charge.
- Perpendicular
- Parallel
- Neither parallel nor perpendicular
- None of the above
Ans. The correct answer is a. Perpendicular
Explanation: The electric field lines are perpendicular to each other due to their characteristics.
Short Answers Questions [2 Marks Questions]
Ques. What is an electric field line?
Ans. Electric field lines are an excellent way to visualize electric fields. Michael Faraday was the first to introduce them. At a point, a field line is drawn tangentially to the net. Thus, at any location, the tangent to the electric field line corresponds to the direction of the electric field. Second, the relative density of field lines surrounding a location correlates to the size of the electric field at that point.
Ques. State Coulomb’s law in electrostatics.
Ans. According to Coulomb's Law, the magnitude of the electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion between any two point charges is directly proportional to the product of their magnitudes and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Ques. What is an electric charge?
Ans. Electric charge is a property of every particle that causes it to feel forces in an electric and magnetic field.
Ques. What are the magnetic field lines?
Ans. Magnetic field lines are imaginary lines. The line density represents the magnitude of the field. For example, at the poles of a magnet, the magnetic field is stronger and more dense. It becomes weaker as we walk away from the poles, and the lines become less dense.
Also Read:
Long Answers Questions [3 Marks Questions]
Ques. What is the physical significance of an electric field?
Ans. The physical significance of an electric field is
Under static conditions: An electric field represents the electrical environment that surrounds a stable system of charges. It is different in each region and is defined differently.
Under non-static electromagnetic conditions:
- In this situation, the accelerated motion of the charge produces electromagnetic waves to move at the speed of c and impose a force on another charge. Energy transfer is connected to time-varying magnetic and electric fields.
- The electric field is a charging system characteristic that is independent of the test charge. The interaction of charges is electromagnetic.
- Actual physical indicators of the electric field occur when dealing with time-dependent electromagnetic processes.
Ques. Explain the concept of equipotential lines and equipotential surfaces.
Ans. Equipotential lines are the contours of those electric field lines that have the same electric potential.
- In simple language, the voltage along the trajectory of electric field lines is the same.
- Equipotential lines always run perpendicular to the electric field. under nature, equipotential lines under a constant electric field are always parallel.
- The equipotential lines, according to the three-dimensional perspective, constitute the equipotential surfaces.
- It is a surface that was produced at the same electric potential as the previous one.
Ques. What are the differences between an electric field and a magnetic field?
Ans. The following are the differences between an electric field and a magnetic field
| Electric Field | Magnetic Field |
|---|---|
| Newton per coulomb, or volt per meter, is the unit of measurement. | Gauss or tesla is the unit of measurement. |
| An electric field is proportional to the magnitude of the electric charge | A magnetic field is proportional to the magnitude and speed of the electric charge. |
| It is perpendicular to the magnetic field. | It is perpendicular to the electric field. |
| An electrometer is used to measure an electric field. | The magnetometer is used to measure the magnetic field. |
Very Long Answers Questions [5 Marks Questions]
Ques. What are the properties of electric field lines?
Ans. The following are the properties of electric field lines
- The electric field lines do not intersect. If they do, they are breaking the laws of electric field lines.
- The strength of the electric field is greatest when the length of the electric field lines is greatest and they are closest to each other.
- The electric field is constantly moving perpendicular to the charge.
- In an electric field system, the amount of the charge is exactly proportional to the number of electric field lines.
- The electric field line always starts with a positive charge and ends with a negative charge.
- If there is a single-point charge, the electric field line will begin and end at infinity.
- In the case of a uniform electric field, the electric field lines are spaced equally and parallel in nature.
Ques. What are the characteristics of electric field lines?
Ans. The electric field lines have a variety of characteristics that describe the electric field around the system. Some of the distinguishing characteristics are as follows:
- Electric field lines of point charges always begin with a positive charge and end with a negative charge. Simply said, electric field lines always flow away from positive charges and towards negative charges. It denotes that the electric field system's straight charge flow is from a positive charge to a negative charge.
- There is only one direction of flow of electric field lines in a single electric field. Otherwise, if there are two directions of electric field lines, they will most likely collide. Such activity through electric field lines is impossible.
- An electric field line will be established where the polarity of the charge is different. When the polarity changes, the direction of the electric field line shifts from positive to negative charge, and an attractive force line forms between these two charges. The electric field lines show attractive lines between these two charges.
- If the charges have the same polarity, the electric field line direction will be like the charges pushing away from each other, and a repulsive force line will be formed between these two charges.
Ques. What are the rules for drawing electric field lines?
Ans. The following are the rules for drawing electric field lines
- The electric field lines are always drawn from high to low potential.
- Two electric field lines cannot ever meet.
- Inside a conductor, the net electric field is zero.
- An electric field line is extended radially outwards from a positive charge and radially inwards from a negative charge.
- The density of electric field lines indicates the magnitude of the electric field in that area.
- Electric field lines terminate perpendicular to a conductor's surface.
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