Data Sets: Meaning, Types, Properties

Data Set represents a collection or cluster of data that is generally depicted in a tabular form. Concerning a given problem, each column is responsible for depicting a specific variable while each row describes the given units of a data set. The data set, columns, and rows (like elementary matrices) are an important part of data management. Each value that is present in a data set is called a datum. A data set contains the data that is present in one or more units consisting of each row.

Key Takeaways: Data Set, Mean, Median, Mode, Range

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Meaning of Data Set

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The ordered cluster or collection of data is called a data set. Data sets can be represented in the form of tables, schema, or other forms in the process of data handling. In these forms, the data is organized in such a way so that it can be handled and processed efficiently. The data set consists of either gathered data, statistical data, or case-level data which tends to be a collection of information in the permanently saved form. It gives the value of unknown quantities for every value present like temperature, height, volume, temperature, etc of any entity.

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Types of Data Set

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Several kinds of data sets exist in the domain of statistics that could be used for storing and processing different kinds of information.

Numerical Data Set

Numerical data set as per name is a data set that contains the value in numerical form instead of the natural language. The alternative name of numerical data can be quantitative data. This type of data contains all the numbers and is used to perform the arithmetic operations (such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of integers). The collection of numerical values in a data set is called a numerical data set.

Bivariate Data Sets

The data set that includes two variables is known as the bivariate data set. It depicts the relationship between the two related variables consisted in the data set.

Multivariate Data Sets

The multivariate data sets are the data set that includes multiple values. It can also be defined as the dataset that includes three or more three different types of variables. The dataset that includes has the elements like a function of three or more than three different variables.

Categorical Data Sets

The characteristics or features of any object or person in a data set can be termed as a categorical data set. The values present in the categorical data set can be known as a qualitative data set that contains dichotomous or exactly two values. The data sets that have more than two categorical values are known as the polytomous variable. In general or in default, the categorical values are the polytomous variables.

Correlation Data Sets

Correlation data sets are the one that depicts the relationships of one variable with the other. These variables in general are dependent on each other. In general terms also, correlation is defined as the relationship between any two objects or elements. There can be instances to predict the relationship between the two objects.

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Properties of Data Set

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After understanding the nature of the type of data, one can perform the statistical analysis. With the help of different EDA or Exploratory Data Analysis techniques, the different properties of data can be identified for applying the appropriation statistical methods. The following dataset properties can be checked using the EDA techniques.

• Presence of Outliers
• Centre of Data
• Correlation among the data
• Skewness of data
• The property distribution type that the data follows
• Spread among the members of data

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Mean, Median, Mode, and Range of Data Set

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Some of the significant topics of the statistics include the mean, median, and mode.

• Mean- The average of all the members or the observations that are included in the dataset is called the mean. It can be defined as the ratio of the total sum of the elements to the total units or numbers of elements included in the data set.

Mean = Total Sum of Elements/Total Number of Elements

• Median- When the elements of the data set are put in the ascending order or the descending order, the middle value that is obtained is called the median.
• Mode- The element or the number that occurs the maximum number of times in the data set is called the mode of the data set.
• Range- The difference between the maximum and the minimum observation in the data set is called the range of the data set.

Range = Maximum observation- Minimum observation

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Points to Remember

Following are some important points:

• Any cluster or collection of data is called a data set. There are five different types of data set are Numerical, Bivariate, Multivariate, Categorical, and Correlation data set.
• Mean is the ratio of the total sum of observations to the total frequency of observations.
• Mode depicts the number that occurs the highest number of times.
• Median is the element that comes in the between when arranged in a certain order be it ascending or descending.
• The several kinds of data set that are used in statistics include the Presence of Outliers, Centre of Data, Correlation among the data, Skewness of data, The property distribution type that the data follows, and then spread among the members of data.

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