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Tin oxide, also known as stannic oxide, has a formula SNO2. It is an inorganic compound composed of tin and oxygen. It belongs to the fourteenth group of the modern periodic table. It breaks down to form stannous oxide and another one is stannic oxide. In a reverberatory furnace which is at 1200–1300 °C, SnO2 is reduced to the metal with carbon. Tin(IV) oxide is a crystalline solid or powder that is white or off-white in colour.
Other names – Stannic oxide
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Key terms: Tin Oxide, Tin, Oxide, Inorganic compound, Oxygen, Stannous oxide, Metal, Carbon, Modern Periodic table
Tin Oxide Structure
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The tin atoms have six coordinates while the oxygen atoms have three. It is an n-type semiconductor that lacks oxygen. The materials appear to be hydrated SnO2 particles with a composition that reflects particle size.
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Physical Properties of Tin Oxide
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| Odour | Odourless |
| Appearance | Yellowish or light grey powder |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit | 2 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 3 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor | 2 |
| Solubility | Insoluble in water |
Chemical Properties of Tin Oxide
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Sulfate is formed when tin oxide dissolves in sulphuric acid. In order to form “stannates,” SnO2 reacts with strong bases which have the formula Na2SnO3. The chemical equation is given below.
SnO2 + 2 H2SO4 → Sn(SO4)2 + 2 H2O
Stannate (IV) sodium and water are formed when tin(IV) oxide reacts with sodium hydroxide. At a temperature of 350-400°C, this reaction occurs. The chemical equation is given below.
SnO2 + 2NaOH → Na2SnO3 + H2O
Preparation of Tin Oxide
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- Stannic oxide is formed as a product when stannous oxide reacts with the oxygen. In this reaction oxidation state of tin changes from +2 to +4.
2SnO + O2 → 2SnO2
- If the Tin is heated in an inert atmosphere Tin gives a disproportionation reaction.
4SnO → Sn3O4 + Sn
- In the above reaction, the Sn3O4 which is formed further reacts with the SnO and Sn metal to produce SnO2 and Sn as a final product.
Sn3O4 → SnO2 + Sn.
Uses of Tin Oxide
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- These are used in making ceramic bodies opaque, as a mild abrasive, and as a fabric weighting agent.
- These are also healthy ingredient, based on the fact that it is not easily absorbed through the skin.
- It is also used in dentistry and to render a precious metal polishing paste for high polishing of amalgam,
- It is also used in the formation of different dyes.
- It is also used in illuminating agent.
- Tin oxides are also used in various chemical reactions.
- They are also used as catalysts, energy-saving coatings and anti-static coatings.
- They are also used in making of gas sensors, optoelectronic devices and resistors.
Things to Remember
- Tin is one of the rare elements found in the earth’s crust.
- The name of the ore of Tin is Cassiterite.
- It reacts with acid as well as with base.
- There are different types of oxides formed by Tin such as Tin monoxide and Tin dioxide.
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Sample Questions
Ques. What is the reason of lithium kept immersed in kerosene oil? (1 mark)
Ans. It us kept immersed in kerosene oil because of its strong reactivity to oxygen and water.
Ques. What are the common physical and chemical features of alkali metals? (3 marks)
Ans. There are following properties for alkali metals such as:
- They are very soft and can even be cut easily.
- They appear to be slightly white in colour.
- Their atomic size is larger and density is low.
- They appear to be weak and have low boiling and melting points.
Ques. What is the range for pH for Tin Oxide? (1 mark)
Ans. The range of pH for Tin Oxide is between 6-12.
Ques. What is the name of the mineral type of SNO2? (1 mark)
Ans. Cassiterite.
Ques. What type of oxide is made of sodium? (2 marks)
Ans. When sodium reacts with oxygen gas, an oxide known as sodium peroxide (Na2O2) is obtained. 2Na+O2→Na2O2
Ques . Which metal is alloyed with silver to make sterling silver? (1 mark)
Ans. Copper.
Ques. Which metal is highly prone to corrosion? (1 mark)
Ans. Iron.
Ques. Tin-based or lead-based alloys are types of_______? (1 mark)
Ans. White bearing metals.
Ques. Babbit metals are also known as _______? (1 mark)
Ans. Tin-base bearing alloys.
Ques. How are “stannates” formed and what is its formula? (1 mark)
Ans. When SnO2 reacts with strong bases to form “stannates”, formula Na2SnO3.
Ques: Why are food cans coated with tin and not with zinc? (4 marks)
Ans: Food cans are coated with tin but not with Zinc because of the following reasons:
- zinc is costlier than tin.
- zinc has a higher melting point than tin.
- zinc is more reactive than tin.
- zinc is less reactive than tin.
Ques. Solder is an alloy of which all metals? (1 mark)
Ans. An alloy of lead and tin which has low melting point and is used for welding electrical wires together.
Ques. An element that reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point. This compound is also soluble in water. The element is likely to be? (1 mark)
Ans. Calcium is an element which has a high meting point and is soluble in water.
Ques. As per the periodic table where does Tin oxide belongs to? (1 mark)
Ans. Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles are available in the form of faceted high surface area diamagnetic oxide nanostructures. Sn belongs to Block P, Period 5 and O2 belongs to the Block P, Period 2 in the periodic table.
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