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When two cells of EMFs E1 and E2 are connected in series, their equivalent EMF is the algebraic sum of their EMFs. So, the equivalent EMF E will be:
E = E1 + E2
When two cells are connected in series, their internal resistances also add up to give the equivalent internal resistance r:
r = r1 + r2
Thus, the equivalent EMF is E1 + E2 and the equivalent internal resistance is r1 + r2.
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