What is spore formation?

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Jasmine Grover

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Spore formation is a type of asexual reproduction that takes place in spores. Spores are unicellular bodies that are formed due to sexual or asexual reproduction in eukaryotic organisms including bacteria, algae, fungi, and plants.

  • Sporogenesis is the process through which spores are formed.
  • Spores are reproductive cells that form a new organism. They are mostly found in sacs that are called sporangia.
  • The hundreds of spores are collected in the sac by plants until it bursts.
  • These spores are then released into the air where they germinate to form a new plant.
  • Fungi such as Rhizopus, Penicillium, and Mushroom reproduce by spore formation.

Spore Formation

Examples of Spore Formation

  • Spores are formed in fungi on sporangium. Minute haploid spores are produced that grow into new organisms. E.g. – Penicillium.
  • Bacteria form another type of spore known as endospores. E.g. – Bacillus
  • Plants solely reproduce asexually through spore formation. They follow an alternation of the generation life cycles where haploid spores are produced by diploid sporophytes that ultimately produce haploid gametophytes. E.g. – liverworts

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CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

  • 1.
    Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
    India is one of the megadiverse countries housing around 8·1 per cent of global species diversity, although its land area is only 2·4 per cent of the world’s land area. Many of the species are highly threatened due to human activities like deforestation, mining and habitat fragmentation. Laws like Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 were enacted by the Government of India to preserve our biological wealth. Various conservation measures are being implemented to save the threatened species. The following bar graph shows the number of species conserved under different biodiversity conservation methods.

    Which other methods shown in the diagram are opposite to the one identified by you in question ? How are these two conservation approaches different?
    (c) Write two features of Biodiversity hotspots.
    (c) To which category do sacred groves belong and how do they help in bio-conservation?


      • 2.
        Suggest how a virus-free healthy plant can be obtained from a diseased sugarcane plant.


          • 3.
            Describe the series of experiments conducted by Frederick Griffith. Comment on the significance of the result obtained.
            State the contribution of Avery, MacLeod and McCarty.


              • 4.
                "Early and accurate diagnosis of diseases is vital in medical technology."
                Name the conventional methods of diagnosis and their disadvantages.
                Which three diagnostic techniques have been developed through Biotechnology ? Explain how each one helps in detecting diseases.


                  • 5.
                    Oogenesis is a discontinuous process that begins before birth and is completed after puberty.
                    Trace the development of a gamete mother cell till its release from the ovary during ovulation.
                    Name the two pituitary hormones that play an important role in the process.


                      • 6.
                        In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a popular method these days that is helping childless couples to bear a child.
                        Write the different steps that are carried out in this technique.
                        Would you consider gamete intra fallopian transfer as a type of IVF? Justify your answer.

                          CBSE CLASS XII Previous Year Papers

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