Where are proteins synthesized inside the cell?

Protein synthesis takes place inside the cell immediately after the transcription process. Transcription leads to mRNA synthesis which makes the amino acid, peptides and protein through translation. In the cell, there are specific sites for each function and production including protein synthesis.

Proteins are synthesized inside the cell in a structure called the ribosome, which is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

  • In eukaryotic cells, the ribosomes are located either in the cytoplasm or on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
  • The location of ribosomes depends on whether the protein being synthesized is meant for secretion or for use within the cell.
  • Once a protein has been synthesized by the ribosome, it may undergo additional modifications or folding in other parts of the cell.
  • For example, proteins that are meant for secretion or for insertion into the cell membrane may undergo further modification in the ER or the Golgi apparatus.

Other proteins may be targeted to specific organelles, such as the mitochondria or the nucleus, for specific functions.


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CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

  • 1.
    Arrange the following hormones in sequence of their secretion in a pregnant woman : hCG; LH; FSH; Relaxin.


      • 2.
        Mention the source and the role of the following in providing defence against infection in the human body : (I) Histamine (II) Interferons


          • 3.

            Study the given chart showing evolution of plants. Answer the following questions : 


              • 4.

                The process of copying genetic information from template strand of DNA into RNA is called transcription. It is mediated by RNA polymerase. Transcription takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. In transcription, only a segment of DNA and only one of the strands is copied into RNA. 


                  • 5.
                    Work out separate monohybrid crosses up to $F_2$ generation between two pea plants and two Antirrhinum plants, both having contrasting traits with respect to the colour of the flower. Comment on the patterns of inheritance in the crosses carried out in such two cases.


                      • 6.
                        Mention the source and the functions of the above mentioned hormones.

                          CBSE CLASS XII Previous Year Papers

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