Where are proteins synthesized inside the cell?

Protein synthesis takes place inside the cell immediately after the transcription process. Transcription leads to mRNA synthesis which makes the amino acid, peptides and protein through translation. In the cell, there are specific sites for each function and production including protein synthesis.

Proteins are synthesized inside the cell in a structure called the ribosome, which is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

  • In eukaryotic cells, the ribosomes are located either in the cytoplasm or on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
  • The location of ribosomes depends on whether the protein being synthesized is meant for secretion or for use within the cell.
  • Once a protein has been synthesized by the ribosome, it may undergo additional modifications or folding in other parts of the cell.
  • For example, proteins that are meant for secretion or for insertion into the cell membrane may undergo further modification in the ER or the Golgi apparatus.

Other proteins may be targeted to specific organelles, such as the mitochondria or the nucleus, for specific functions.


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CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

  • 1.
    Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
    India is one of the megadiverse countries housing around 8·1 per cent of global species diversity, although its land area is only 2·4 per cent of the world’s land area. Many of the species are highly threatened due to human activities like deforestation, mining and habitat fragmentation. Laws like Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 were enacted by the Government of India to preserve our biological wealth. Various conservation measures are being implemented to save the threatened species. The following bar graph shows the number of species conserved under different biodiversity conservation methods.

    Which other methods shown in the diagram are opposite to the one identified by you in question ? How are these two conservation approaches different?
    (c) Write two features of Biodiversity hotspots.
    (c) To which category do sacred groves belong and how do they help in bio-conservation?


      • 2.
        Describe the series of experiments conducted by Frederick Griffith. Comment on the significance of the result obtained.
        State the contribution of Avery, MacLeod and McCarty.


          • 3.

            Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: 
            The data below shows the concentration of nicotine smoked by a smoker taking 10puffs/minute.
             


              • 4.
                A DNA molecule is 160 base pairs long. It has 30% Guanine. How many Adenine bases are present in this DNA molecule?

                  • 48
                  • 64
                  • 96
                  • 192

                • 5.
                  Explain any two basic principles/core techniques on which biotechnology is based.
                  Describe any three key tools used in Recombinant DNA technology.


                    • 6.
                      Draw a labelled two-celled structure of male gametophyte of an angiosperm.
                      Name the three layers that surround the cytoplasm of a male gametophyte starting from innermost to outermost layer.
                      (iii) Which organic material makes the outermost layer? Mention its advantage.
                      (iv) Why is the outermost layer of male gametophyte not continuous ?

                        CBSE CLASS XII Previous Year Papers

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