Protein synthesis takes place inside the cell immediately after the transcription process. Transcription leads to mRNA synthesis which makes the amino acid, peptides and protein through translation. In the cell, there are specific sites for each function and production including protein synthesis.
Proteins are synthesized inside the cell in a structure called the ribosome, which is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- In eukaryotic cells, the ribosomes are located either in the cytoplasm or on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
- The location of ribosomes depends on whether the protein being synthesized is meant for secretion or for use within the cell.
- Once a protein has been synthesized by the ribosome, it may undergo additional modifications or folding in other parts of the cell.
- For example, proteins that are meant for secretion or for insertion into the cell membrane may undergo further modification in the ER or the Golgi apparatus.
Other proteins may be targeted to specific organelles, such as the mitochondria or the nucleus, for specific functions.
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