Bioreactor: Obtaining Foreign Gene, Meaning, Uses, Types

When the genome that consists of the genes of our interest has a hint of any foreign piece of DNA in it, it is termed recombinant DNA technology. The gene which gets involved in the process is known as the recombinant gene and the technique which is responsible for it is known as recombinant DNA technology. However, the process of introducing the recombinant gene into the genome is not an easy task. The goal of recombinant DNA technology is to achieve the protein which is desired or required.

Key Takeaways: Bioreactor, Genes, Gamete, Cell, Foreign gene product, Plant cell, Animal cell, Human cell, Continuous Stirred Tank Bioreactors, Fluidized Bed Bioreactors, Bubble Column Bioreactors, Packed Bed Bioreactors, Photo-Bioreactors, Airlift Bioreactors

---

Bioreactors

[Click Here for Sample Questions]

The vessel which is responsible for the conduction of the chemical processes is called the bioreactor. It is a device that aids in producing the culture at a large scale. The new biological products are formed in the bioreactor with the help of various cells present in the environment including the plant cell, animal cells, and human cells. The shape of the bioreactor is the same as that of a cylinder and is made from stainless steel. To obtain the foreign gene product, the two suitable types of the bioreactor are the simple stirred-tank bioreactor and the sparged stirred-tank bioreactor. The types of bioreactors that exist are Continuous Stirred Tank Bioreactors, Fluidized Bed Bioreactors, Bubble Column Bioreactors, Packed Bed Bioreactors, Photo-Bioreactors, and Airlift Bioreactors.

Also Read:

---

Types of Bioreactors Processes

[Click Here for Sample Questions]

The different types of bioreactor processes that prevail are:

Photo-Bioreactor

In a photo-bioreactor, the processes are carried out in the presence of a source of light. Any translucent vessel is used to carry out the bioreactors which is an enclosed space used for storage. This process is not conducted in open spaces such as ponds or tanks.

Sewage Treatment

Sewage treatment is a process that is used for cleaning purposes. In these bioreactors, the chemically inert substance which has a large surface area is used and grows the biological film. The cyclones are removing the biological films that tend to be extra.

---

Uses of Bioreactors

[Click Here for Sample Questions]

Corncob waste can be used to produce ethanol which is fermented in a bioreactor. To develop the cells and tissues of many mammals, a food support system and a large surface area are required. Special growth is also required in the auxotrophic or the higher organisms. For therapeutic making reasons, it is a special task that requires the culturing of cells on a large scale.

---

Downstream Processing

[Click Here for Sample Questions]

Downstream Processing is a very essential step that is conducted before the marketing. In this step, the processes of isolation, purification, and the preservation of the resultant products are fulfilled before the marketing. Also, downstream processing is required for including the additives which consist of preservatives, colors, etc., and then the clinical trials are conducted.

Also Read: Structure of DNA

---

Obtaining the foreign gene product

[Click Here for Sample Questions]

The recombinant DNA technology first requires the adequate selection of the desired genes that have to be integrated and then the vector that is suitable for the foreign gene to combine. When these two are selected, the formation of recombinant DNA takes place. As the foreign gene gets combined with the genome, the DNA is multiplied and results in the protein which is required as a product. For the final step, this protein is kept in the host and then transferred to the offspring. For producing the resulting foreign on a large scale, the continuous culture system is required for multiplying the recombinant cells. In this process, a large vessel contains the cells which are cultured under the optimum conditions maintained by the medium which is refreshed timely at regular intervals. It is fulfilled by the evolution of bioreactors and is used to generate the desired protein in large quantities.

---

Things to Remember

Following are some important points:

• The process of introducing a foreign gene to a genome for a desirable protein is called recombinant DNA technology.
• The vessel which is used for conducting various chemical processes under suitable conditions is known as a bioreactor.
• For the production of the required protein on a large scale, the process of a continuous culture system is needed where the cells are maintained under the regulated conditions in a large vessel.
• The process where the additives are included in the protein, and the different other processes like isolation, purification, and preservation are performed before the marketing and clinical trials are called downstream processing.

Also Read: