Content Writer
Difference between Bryophytes and Pteridophytes is essential to understand the difference between flowering plants. It is an important topic of plant kingdom included in NCERT Class 11 Biology.
- The difference between Bryophytes and Pteridophytes helps study vascular tissues found in plants.
- A plant is classified into four parts, namely roots, stems, leaves, and flowers.
- Moreover, a plant kingdom is categorised into two plants, which are flowering plants and non-flowering plants.
- Non-flowering plants are unable to produce flowers.
- These plants are classified into bryophytes and pteridophytes.
- A non-vascular plant without xylem and phloem is a bryophyte.
- Liverworts and hornworts are some common examples.
- Vascular plants with xylem and phloem are pteridophytes.
- Some common examples of pteridophytes include ferns and spike mosses.
- The generation alternation in bryophytes and pteridophytes follows a similar procedure.
Key Terms: Difference between Bryophytes and Pteridophytes, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Plant Kingdom, Flowering Plants, Reproduction, Plants, Xylem, Phloem
Bryophytes
[Click Here for Sample Questions]
Bryophytes are plants whose body is not differentiated into roots, stems and leaves. It is a non-vascular plant without xylem and phloem found in wet soil. Their bodies are composed of rhizoids.
- Bryophytes transports unbranched sporophytes and aids in spore reproduction.
- Plants receive water and nutrients from these types of plants.
- It thrives in a dry environment.
- The absence of vascular tissue can easily be seen in these plants.
- The reproductive structure consists of enclosed gametangia and sporangia.
- Bryophyte plants are produced by both sexual and asexual reproduction.
Example of BryophytesExample: Mosses, liverworts, hornworts are examples of bryophytes. |
Life Cycle of Bryophytes
The life cycle of Bryophytes is similar to that of land plants or embryophyte plants. In the process, haploid gametophytes will have a fixed number of unpaired chromosomes.
- This haploid cell will give rise to diploid sporophytes.
- The diploid sporophyte will contain twice the number of paired chromosomes.
- At the gametophyte stage, sperm and egg, which are fused to form a zygote, are produced.
- The fusion takes place by the process of meiosis.
Bryophytes
Read More:
| Chapter Related Concepts | ||
|---|---|---|
| Conservation of Plants & Animals | Red Data Book | Endangered Species |
| Catabolism and Anabolism | Endemic Species | Chlorophyll |
Pteridophytes
[Click Here for Sample Questions]
Pteridophyte is a type of plant where the plant body is differentiated into roots, stems and leaves. These plants grow in a shady and damp place. A leaf, proper roots, and an underground stem are contained in this plant.
- The leaf is split into multiple sections.
- Pteridophyte is also known as cryptograms.
- The reproduction in these types of plants is done by the use of spores.
- They are also known as vascular plants, consisting of xylem and phloem.
- Pteridophytes are called gametophytes because they can produce gametes.
Example of PteridophyteExample: Spike mosses, clubmosses, ferns, quillworts include in pteridophytes. |
Life Cycle of Pteridophyte
The life cycle of pteridophytes is similar to that of seed-bearing plants. In the process, both haploid gametophyte cells and diploid sporophyte cells are independent and free-living with respect to each other.
- Firstly, spores are sent to the air, where they grow into heart-shaped haploid gametophytes.
- In this, both male and female cells take part in the reproduction process.
- When young gametophytes mature, the sex organs get activated.
- The fertilised eggs will be formed by the process of mitosis.
Pteridophytes
Difference between Bryophytes and Pteridophytes
[Click Here for Sample Questions]
There are several variations between bryophytes and pteridophytes. The table given below shows some differences that exist in these plants.
| Bryophytes | Pteridophytes |
|---|---|
| Bryophytes are non-vascular plants. | Pteridophytes are Vascular Plants. |
| Thalloid or leafy plant body exists in Bryophytes. | The body of the plant of Pteridophytes classifies into roots, stem, and leaves. |
| Absence of vascular tissues in Bryophytes. | Presence of vascular tissues in Pteridophytes. |
| Presence of Rhizoids for anchorage in Bryophytes. | Presence of roots for anchoring in Pteridophytes. |
| The gametophyte is present in Bryophytes. | Sporophyte is present in Pteridophytes. |
| Haploid cells see in the plants in Bryophytes. | Diploid cells see in plants in Pteridophytes. |
| Mosses, liverworts, hornworts are examples of Bryophytes. | Spike mosses, ferns, clubmosses are examples of Pteridophytes. |
| There is a lack of vasculature system in Bryophytes. | There is a proper vasculature system in Pteridophytes. |
| Bryophytes are Homosporous. | Pteridophytes are Homosporous / Heterosporous. |
| Bryophytes depend on the water for reproduction. | Pteridophytes reproduce in the absence of water. |
Read Also: Heterotrophic Nutrition
Similarities between Bryophytes and Pteridophytes
[Click Here for Sample Questions]
Apart from the differences, the bryophytes and pteridophytes consist of several similarities which are as follows:
- Bryophytes and pteridophytes consist of multicellular sporangia.
- The presence of cuticle sees in both the plants.
- The existence of oogamous led to sexual reproduction in these plants.
- Non-motile female gametes and flagellated male gametes assist in these plants.
- Internal fertilization is required by both bryophytes and pteridophytes.
Read More:
| Class 11 Biology Related Concepts | ||
|---|---|---|
| Reproduction In Bacteria | Flora And Fauna | Tap Root System |
| Regions Of Root | Haplontic Life Cycle | Pollination by Water |
Things to Remember
- The difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes depends upon plant structure and cell types.
- Bryophytes are plants which do not have any xylem and phloem where rhizoids are present for anchorage.
- On the other hand, pteridophytes are plants which consist of anchoring roots, sporophytes, and diploid cells.
- Both plants contain multicellular sporangia, cuticles, and internal fertilization.
- These plants do not generate flowers or seeds but instead rely on spores to proliferate.
Sample Questions
Ques. Are bryophytes called amphibians in the plant kingdom? (2 marks)
Ans. Most of the bryophytes live in the soil. For sexual reproduction, they depend on water. Hence, they are called amphibians. There are certain species in bryophytes plants that live in both land and water. The water is required to carry out sexual reproduction. The sperm will produce an antherozoid which are in the shape of flagellate and requires water to swim into the eggs.
Ques. Explain a Gametophyte? (3 marks)
Ans. Gametophyte is a type of sexual phase found in animals and plants cells. A plant life cycle consists of various generations. This phase or an individual bears a gamete refers to as a gametophyte.
- It views as a dominant form in bryophytes.
- The sex organs are responsible for generation of gametes.
- Haploid cells will take part in the process of fertlization to produce diploid zygote.
- Cell division will result in the formation of new diploid multicellular organism.
Ques. Define bryophytes? (3 marks)
Ans. A non-vascular plant without xylem and phloem are bryophytes. Liverworts and hornworts are examples. The absence of vascular tissue is viewable. It transports unbranched sporophytes and aids in spore reproduction.
- Plants receive water and nutrients from bryophytes.
- Some members of the plants will contain specialized tissues to transport water.
- These plants tend to have stem-like and leaf-like structures.
- The rhizoids used in bryophytes are responsible for absorption and anchorage.
Ques. What are the specialties of pteridophytes? (4 marks)
Ans. Pteridophytes thrive in shaded, moist environments. The plant contains various parts like a leaf, appropriate roots, and an underground stalk. Seeds and blooms are not visible in Pteridophytes.
- Cryptograms is another name for these plants.
- They are first true terrestrial plants.
- These plants do not need tissues to transport minerals and water.
- They contain cells of sporophyte group and the gametophyte group.
- The tips of the leaves of these plants are curl inside.
Ques. Write a few examples for bryophytes and pteridophytes? (2 marks)
Ans. Some common examples of bryophytes are as follows:
- Mosses
- Marchantia
- Liverwarts
- Hornwarts
Some common examples of pteridophytes are as follows:
- Pteris
- Dryopteris
- Adiantum
- Cubmosses
- Ferns
- Quillworts
Ques. Explain (A) How the classification of bryophytes and pteridophytes takes place
(B) How do the cells and vascular system arranges in bryophytes and pteridophytes? (2 marks)
Ans: (A) A plant kingdom categorizes into two are Flowering plants and Non-flowering plants. Non-flowering plants are unable to produce flowers. These plants classify into bryophytes and pteridophytes.
(B) Haploid cells sees in the bryophytes. Pteridophytes contain diploid cells. However, the lack of vascular systems is viewable in bryophytes. On another side, a proper vascular system exists in pteridophytes.
Ques. Depict the similarities of bryophytes and pteridophytes? (4 marks)
Ans. The similarities between bryophytes and pteridophytes are as follows:
- Multicellular sporangia make up bryophytes and pteridophytes.
- Both plants have cuticles on their surfaces.
- These plants have sexual reproduction as a result of oogamous relationships.
- In these plants, flagellated male gametes and non-motile female gametes work together.
- Pteridophytes and bryophytes both need internal fertilization.
Ques. How are the reproduction and tissues arranged in bryophytes and pteridophytes? (3 marks)
Ans. Bryophytes depend on the water for reproduction and, pteridophytes reproduce in the absence of water. In bryophytes, vascular tissues are absent. Pteridophytes consist of the presence of tissues. A non-vascular plant without xylem and phloem are bryophytes. Liverworts and hornworts are examples. Vascular plants with xylem and phloem are pteridophytes. Ferns and spike mosses are examples.
Ques. What is the difference between xylem and phloem? (4 marks)
Ans. The difference between xylum and phloem are as follows:
| Xylum | Phloem |
|---|---|
| Xylum tends to have a tubular structure where they do not have cell walls. | Phloem tends to have a tubular structure where they have cell walls. |
| They are found inside vascular bundle. | They are found vascular bundle. |
| They are smaller in size. | They are larger in size. |
| Tissues found in xylum move unidirectionally. | Tissues found in phloem move bidirectionally. |
Ques. Explain different types of pteridophytes? (4 marks)
Ans. The different types of pteridophytes are as follows:
- Psilosida: Psilopsida is first category of pteridophytes where stem are branched photosynthetically and dichotomously. In these leaves are mostly absent.
- Lycopsida: Lycopsida are also referred to as club moss where is well-differentiated into root, stem, rhizophores and leaves. These types of plants are homosporous or heterosporous.
- Sphenopsida: Sphenopsida are also referred to as horsetail. In this body is well-differentiated into roots which arises from nodes and tends to have stem and scaly leaves.
- Pteropsida: Pteropsida are also referred to as fern. In this plant body is divided into root, stems and leaves where sporophyte is homosporous or heterosporous.
Ques. What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells? (3 marks)
Ans. The difference between haploid and diploid cells are as follows:
| Haploid Cells | Diploid Cells |
|---|---|
| Haploid Cells are made up of one chromosomes. | Diploid cells are made up of two chromosomes. |
| They are formed by the process of meiosis. | They are formed by the process of mitosis. |
| They are used as sex cells in human body. | They do not have sex cells used in human body. |
Read Also:
Comments