KCET Syllabus 2027: Subject-Wise Topics, Chapter-Wise Weightage and PDF Download

Nature of physical laws; SI units; fundamental and derived quantities; dimensional analysis; significant figures; errors in measurement; accuracy and precision

Frame of reference; displacement, velocity, acceleration; equations of motion; motion under gravity; relative velocity; projectile motion; uniform circular motion; centripetal acceleration

Newton’s three laws; concept of force and inertia; conservation of linear momentum; impulse; static and kinetic friction; laws of friction; banking of roads; dynamics of circular motion

Work done by constant and variable forces; work-energy theorem; kinetic and potential energy; conservation of mechanical energy; power; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions

Centre of mass; moment of inertia; radius of gyration; parallel and perpendicular axis theorems; torque; angular momentum; conservation of angular momentum; rolling motion without slipping

Kepler’s laws; universal law of gravitation; acceleration due to gravity; variation of g with altitude and depth; gravitational potential energy; escape velocity; orbital velocity; geostationary and polar satellites

Elastic behaviour; stress-strain relation; Hooke’s law; Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus; Pascal’s law; Bernoulli’s principle; viscosity; Stokes’ law; surface tension; capillary rise

Zeroth, first, and second laws of thermodynamics; isothermal and adiabatic processes; Carnot engine and its efficiency; kinetic theory of gases; RMS speed; degrees of freedom; law of equipartition of energy

Simple harmonic motion; energy in SHM; damped and forced oscillations; resonance; transverse and longitudinal waves; speed of sound; standing waves; beats; Doppler effect

Coulomb’s law; superposition principle; electric field lines; Gauss’s theorem and applications; electric potential; equipotential surfaces; potential energy of a system of charges; capacitors and capacitance; combination of capacitors; energy stored in a capacitor

Ohm’s law; resistivity and conductivity; temperature dependence of resistance; EMF and internal resistance; Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws; Wheatstone bridge; metre bridge; potentiometer and its applications

Biot-Savart law; Ampere’s law; magnetic field due to a solenoid and toroid; force on a moving charge; force on current-carrying conductor; torque on a current loop; moving coil galvanometer; bar magnet and magnetic field lines; Earth’s magnetism; diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic substances; hysteresis

Faraday’s law; Lenz’s law; self-inductance; mutual inductance; AC generator; RMS values; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations; resonance; power in AC circuits; transformers

Displacement current; electromagnetic spectrum — radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, UV, X-rays, gamma rays; properties and uses of each

Reflection and refraction at plane and curved surfaces; total internal reflection and critical angle; lens maker’s equation; power of a lens; refraction through a prism; dispersion; optical instruments (microscope and telescope). Young’s double-slit experiment; conditions for interference; single-slit diffraction; polarisation; Brewster’s law; Malus’s law

Photoelectric effect; Einstein’s photoelectric equation; stopping potential; threshold frequency; wave-particle duality; de Broglie wavelength; Davisson–Germer experiment

Rutherford’s nuclear model; Bohr model of hydrogen atom; energy levels and hydrogen spectrum; composition and size of nucleus; binding energy; mass defect; radioactivity; alpha, beta, gamma decay; half-life; nuclear fission and fusion

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors; p-n junction diode; half-wave and full-wave rectifiers; Zener diode as voltage regulator; bipolar junction transistor; transistor as switch and amplifier; logic gates — AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR; Boolean expressions

Laws of chemical combination; mole concept and molar mass; percentage composition; empirical and molecular formula; stoichiometry and stoichiometric calculations; limiting reagent

Thomson and Rutherford models; Bohr model and hydrogen spectrum; quantum numbers; Aufbau principle; Pauli’s exclusion principle; Hund’s rule; electronic configuration; de Broglie’s relation; Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle; shapes of orbitals

Modern periodic law; long form of periodic table; atomic and ionic radii; ionisation enthalpy; electron gain enthalpy; electronegativity; periodicity in valence and oxidation states

Ionic bond; covalent bond; Lewis structures; VSEPR theory and molecular shapes; hybridisation (sp, sp², sp³, sp³d); molecular orbital theory; bond order; dipole moment; hydrogen bonding and its effects

Gas laws; ideal gas equation; kinetic molecular theory; van der Waals equation. Enthalpy; Hess’s law; thermochemistry; spontaneity; Gibbs energy; entropy

Dynamic equilibrium; law of mass action; equilibrium constant (Kc, Kp); Le Chatelier’s principle; ionic equilibrium; acids and bases (Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, Lewis); pH; buffer solutions; solubility product

Oxidation number concept; balancing redox reactions (oxidation number and ion-electron methods); hydrogen — preparation, properties, hydrides; heavy water; hydrogen peroxide

Alkali metals (Group 1): properties, reactions, NaOH, Na₂CO₃; alkaline earth metals (Group 2): CaO, CaCO₃, plaster of Paris; boron family (Group 13): borax, boric acid, aluminium; carbon family (Group 14): CO, CO₂, SiO₂, cement

IUPAC nomenclature; types of isomerism; reaction mechanisms (substitution, addition, elimination); inductive and resonance effects; alkanes, alkenes, alkynes (preparation, properties, reactions); aromatic compounds; aromaticity; electrophilic substitution; environmental chemistry

Types of solids; crystal lattices; unit cell and packing efficiency; density calculation; point defects (Schottky and Frenkel); electrical and magnetic properties

Types of solutions; expressing concentration (molarity, molality, mole fraction); Raoult’s law; colligative properties — elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure; abnormal molar masses; van’t Hoff factor

Galvanic cells; standard electrode potential; Nernst equation; Gibbs energy and cell potential; Kohlrausch’s law; electrolytic cells and electrolysis; batteries (dry cell, lead accumulator, fuel cell); corrosion

Rate of reaction; factors affecting rate; rate law and rate constant; order and molecularity; zero-order and first-order reactions; half-life; activation energy; Arrhenius equation; collision theory

Adsorption and absorption; Freundlich adsorption isotherm; catalysis (homogeneous and heterogeneous); enzyme catalysis; colloids — types, preparation, properties; Tyndall effect; coagulation; emulsions

Group 15 (N, P, As, Sb, Bi): allotropes of phosphorus; NH₃, HNO₃, PCl₃, PCl₅. Group 16 (O, S): H₂S, SO₂, SO₃, H₂SO₄. Group 17 (Halogens): HX preparation and properties; interhalogen compounds; oxoacids. Group 18 (Noble gases): properties and uses

Electronic configuration of transition metals; variable oxidation states; colour; magnetic properties; catalytic behaviour; KMnO₄ and K₂Cr₂O₇ (preparation and reactions); lanthanides and actinides; lanthanide contraction

Werner’s theory; IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds; isomerism (geometric and optical); valence bond theory; crystal field theory; stability and uses of coordination compounds

Classification; IUPAC nomenclature; nature of C–X bond; SN1 and SN2 reactions; stereochemistry; reaction with metals; polyhalogen compounds (chloroform, iodoform, DDT, freons)

IUPAC nomenclature; preparation of alcohols from alkenes, carbonyl compounds, esters; physical and chemical properties; Lucas test; reaction with Na, PBr₃, SOCl₂; phenols: acidic nature, electrophilic substitution; ethers: preparation and reactions

Preparation; nucleophilic addition reactions; oxidation and reduction; aldol condensation; Cannizzaro reaction; Tollens’ and Fehling’s test; carboxylic acids: acidity, nucleophilic substitution reactions; formic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid

Amines: classification; IUPAC nomenclature; basicity; Hinsberg test; diazonium salts. Biomolecules: carbohydrates (monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides), proteins, enzymes, vitamins, nucleic acids. Polymers: addition and condensation polymerisation; Nylon, Dacron, Bakelite; rubber. Drugs, soaps and detergents

Types of sets; Venn diagrams; set operations; ordered pairs; Cartesian product; domain and range of relations; types of functions (injective, surjective, bijective); composition of functions

Radian measure; trigonometric functions and their graphs; signs in four quadrants; sum and difference formulae; double and half angle formulae; product-to-sum formulae; general solutions of trigonometric equations

Modulus, conjugate, argument of complex numbers; Argand plane; polar form; quadratic equations with complex roots; nature of roots; sum and product of roots

Fundamental principle of counting; factorial notation; permutations with and without repetition; combinations; binomial theorem for positive integral indices; general term; middle term; term independent of x

Arithmetic progression (AP): nth term and sum; geometric progression (GP): nth term and sum; arithmetic-geometric series; sum of first n natural numbers, squares, and cubes

Slope; various forms of equation of a line; angle between two lines; distance of a point from a line; standard equations of circle, parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola; parametric forms

Standard limits; algebra of limits; derivatives using first principles; rules of differentiation; mean deviation; variance and standard deviation; classical definition of probability; addition theorem

Equivalence relations; binary operations; inverse functions. Inverse trigonometric functions: domain, range, principal value branch, graphs, identities, and simplification of expressions

Types of matrices; operations (addition, multiplication, transpose); symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices; determinants; properties of determinants; minors and cofactors; adjoint; inverse of a matrix; solution of system of linear equations by matrix method and Cramer’s rule

Continuity and differentiability; derivatives of composite, implicit, parametric, logarithmic, and exponential functions; Rolle’s theorem; Lagrange’s mean value theorem; applications: monotonic functions, tangents and normals, approximation, maxima and minima

Integration as reverse of differentiation; integration by substitution, partial fractions, and parts; definite integral as limit of sum; fundamental theorem of calculus; properties of definite integrals; area under curves; area between two curves

Order and degree; formation of differential equations; variable separable method; homogeneous differential equations; linear differential equations of first order

Scalars and vectors; position vectors; dot product and cross product; section formula; scalar triple product. Direction cosines and ratios; equation of a line in 3D; angle between two lines; equation of a plane; distance of a point from a plane; angle between a line and a plane

Linear programming problem (LPP); graphical method; feasible region; optimal solution. Conditional probability; multiplication theorem; independent events; Bayes’ theorem; Bernoulli trials; binomial distribution

Biodiversity; nomenclature (ICBN, ICZN); Whittaker’s five-kingdom classification; Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia; plant kingdom — algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms; animal kingdom — basis of classification, non-chordates and chordates

Morphology of root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, seed; anatomy of dicot and monocot plants; plant tissue systems (meristematic and permanent); animal tissues — epithelial, connective, muscular, neural; structural organisation of earthworm, cockroach, frog

Cell theory; prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells; cell membrane structure and function; cell organelles (mitochondria, chloroplast, ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, ribosomes, centrosome, nucleus); cell cycle; mitosis; meiosis; biomolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes)

Transport in plants — osmosis, plasmolysis, water potential; mineral nutrition and deficiency symptoms; photosynthesis — light reactions (Z-scheme), Calvin cycle, photorespiration; plant respiration — glycolysis, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation; plant growth and development; phytohormones

Digestion and absorption; breathing and gas exchange; blood composition and blood groups; cardiac cycle; excretory system and urine formation; muscle contraction; nervous system (central and peripheral); reflex arc; sense organs; endocrine glands and hormones

Asexual and sexual reproduction in organisms; sexual reproduction in flowering plants — pollination (types), double fertilisation, seed and fruit development; human reproductive system; gametogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation and embryonic development; reproductive health; contraception; sexually transmitted diseases

Mendel’s laws; incomplete dominance; co-dominance; multiple alleles; sex determination; linkage and recombination; chromosome theory; mutation; pedigree analysis; molecular basis of inheritance — DNA structure and replication, RNA and transcription, translation, genetic code; gene regulation; Human Genome Project; DNA fingerprinting; evolution theories — Darwin, mutation; origin of life; Hardy-Weinberg principle

Common diseases in humans; types of immunity (innate and acquired); lymphoid organs; vaccines; cancer (types, diagnosis, treatment); AIDS; drug and alcohol abuse; microbes in human welfare — food processing, industrial products, sewage treatment, biogas production, biocontrol agents, biofertilisers

Principles of biotechnology; recombinant DNA technology; restriction enzymes; cloning vectors; PCR; gel electrophoresis; bioreactors; downstream processing; applications — transgenic plants and animals; Bt crops; golden rice; gene therapy; ELISA; bioethics and biosafety

Organisms and their environment; population characteristics; ecosystems — structure, function, nutrient cycling, energy flow; ecological succession; biodiversity — types, patterns, importance, threats; conservation strategies (in situ and ex situ); environmental issues — pollution types, global warming, ozone depletion, deforestation