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Viral diseases are caused by viruses. Viruses are nucleoprotein particles that are without metabolic activities and reproduction. They cannot complete their life cycles without a living host cell. They cause a number of diseases in plants, animals, and human beings. There are different types of human viral diseases. They can be controlled and treated just like other diseases.
| Table of Content |
Key Takeaways: Viral diseases, Viruses, Immusinisation, Vaccination, Nucleoprotein Particles, Reproduction, Host cell, Capsid, Nucleic acid
Also Read: Leprosy
Virus
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Virus is an ultramicroscopic entity that lies between living and nonliving organisms. It is a nucleoprotein particle. It consists of a protein part called a capsid and a nucleic acid in the core.
Virus Structure
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Viral Diseases
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Diseases caused by virus particles are viral diseases. The virus causes diseases in plants, animals and human beings. The most common human viral disease is cold. Viral diseases can be controlled and eradicated, rather than treated through medication. The best way to control viral diseases is immunisation.
Viral Diseases
Causes of viral diseases
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Viral diseases are caused by entities called virus particles. They are spread from person to person through the air, water, food, vectors and from person-to-person contact. Physical contact can be simply by touch or exchange of body fluids.
Sneezing without facemask can spread diseases
Also Read: Antibodies
Symptoms of Viral Diseases
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Manifestation of a disease is called a symptom. Just like other diseases, viral diseases are also manifested by several symptoms. The common symptoms of viral diseases are fever, headache, cough, sneezing, tonsils, irritation, rashes on the body, sore throat, pneumonia, upset in the digestive tract, diarrhoea, etc.
Covid-19 Virus
Also Read: Human Digestive System
Types of Viral Diseases
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The following table shows different types of human viral diseases and their symptoms.
| Viral Diseases | Virus Name | Symptoms |
|---|---|---|
| Chikungunya | Alpha virus | Fever, headache, body pains, severe joint pains, and joint swellings |
| Common cold | Rhinovirus | Nasal discharge, sore throat, cough, fever, headache |
| Dengue fever | Dengue virus | Fever, headache, body pains and severe joint pains |
| Encephalitis | Herpes Simplex Virus | Brain fever, stiff neck, seizures, and sensitivity to light and sound |
| Hepatitis | Hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus | Jaundice, yellowing of eyes, skin, and urine, liver damage may also occur |
| Influenza | Influenza virus (RNA virus) | Fever, headache, cough, diarrhoea, breathing problems |
| Measles | Rubeola virus | Nasal discharge, sore throat, cough, fever, headache, reddish rashes on different parts of the body |
| Mumps | Para-myxovirus | Enlargement of parotid glands (a type of salivary glands) |
| Poliomyelitis | Poliovirus | Fever, muscular problems and paralysis of limbs |
| Rabies | Rabies lyssavirus | Fever, anxiety, confusion, hydrophobia |
| Chickenpox | Varicella virus | Mild fever, itching in the skin, blister formation |
Control and Treatment of Viral Diseases
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Immunity is ultimate in controlling virus diseases. Immunity may be natural or artificial. Artificial immunity may be acquired through immunization or vaccination. There is no specific medication for viral diseases. The patient suffering from the viral disease will be given balanced nutrition, oral rehydration solution, and medicine to reduce headaches and body pains. In recent advancements virus killing medicines called virucides are also in use.
Vaccination
Things to Remember
- A virus is an ultramicroscopic entity that lies between living and nonliving organisms.
- The virus causes diseases in plants, animals and human beings.
- The most common human viral disease is cold. Viral diseases can be controlled and eradicated, rather than treated through medication.
- The best way to control viral diseases is immunisation.
- Viral diseases are spread from person to person through the air, water, food, and from person-to-person contact. Physical contact can be simply by touch or exchange of body fluids.
- Manifestation of a disease is called a symptom. The common symptoms of viral diseases are fever, headache, cough, sneezing, tonsils, irritation, rashes on the body, sore throat, pneumonia, upset in the digestive tract, diarrhoea, etc.
- There are different viral diseases like the common cold, chikungunya, chickenpox, dengue, encephalitis, poliomyelitis, hepatitis, influenza, measles, mumps, HIV, rabies, etc.
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Sample Questions
Ques: What is a virus? What are viral diseases? (2 marks)
Ans: A virus is an ultramicroscopic entity that lies between living and non-living organisms. It is a nucleoprotein particle. Diseases caused by viruses are called viral diseases.
Ques: What is the most common viral disease? What is the best method to control virus diseases? (2 marks)
Ans: The most common human viral disease is cold. Vaccination is the best method to control all kinds of viral diseases.
Ques: What is a symptom? What are the common symptoms of viral; diseases? (3 marks)
Ans:
Symptom: Manifestation of a disease is called a symptom.
Common symptoms of viral diseases: fever, headache, cough, sneezing, tonsils, irritation, rashes on the body, sore throat, pneumonia, upset in the digestive tract, diarrhoea, etc.
Ques: What are viral diseases? How are they treated? (3 marks)
Ans: Viral diseases: Diseases caused by virus particles are called viral diseases.
Treatment: The patient suffering from the viral disease will be given balanced nutrition, oral rehydration solution, and medicine to reduce headaches and body pains. In recent advancements virus killing medicines called virucides are also in use.
Ques: What is the virus that causes the common cold? What are its symptoms (2 marks)
Ans: The common cold is caused by rhinovirus. The common symptoms of the common cold are Nasal discharge, sore throat, cough, fever, headache.
Ques: Which is the first totally eradicated viral disease? How was it achieved? (2 marks)
Ans: Smallpox was the first totally eradicated disease in the world. It was eradicated due to the invention of the smallpox vaccine by Edward Jenner.
Ques: What is a virus? What are the viruses that cause measles and mumps? What are their symptoms (3 marks)
Ans: Virus: A virus is an ultramicroscopic entity that lies between living and nonliving organisms. It is a nucleoprotein particle.
Measles: This is caused by the rubeola virus. The symptoms are nasal discharge, sore throat, cough, fever, headache, reddish rashes on different parts of the body
Mumps: This is caused by a paramyxovirus. The symptoms are enlargement of parotid glands (a type of salivary gland)
Ques: Prepare a table to show any five viral diseases, their causal organisms and symptoms? (5 marks)
Ans: The following table gives details about some viral diseases
| Dengue fever | Dengue virus | Fever, headache, body pains and severe joint pains |
|---|---|---|
| Encephalitis | Herpes Simplex Virus | Brain fever, stiff neck, seizures, and sensitivity to light and sound |
| Hepatitis | Hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus | Jaundice, yellowing of eyes, skin, and urine, liver damage may also occur |
| Influenza | Influenza virus (RNA virus) | Fever, headache, cough, diarrhoea, breathing problems |
| Poliomyelitis | Poliovirus | Fever, muscular problems and paralysis of limbs |
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