Infectious Diseases MCQs

Ans. Plague

Explanation: Black Death is referred to as the First Plague Pandemic. It is transmitted through contact with infected fleas. Symptoms of the Black Death are fever, chills, headache, fatigue, and muscle aches. 

Another symptom is Swollen lymph nodes in the groin, armpit, or neck, which can be as big as chicken eggs. The Black Death also called the Pestilence, the Great Mortality, or The Plague was a bubonic plague pandemic.

Ans. Bubonic Plague

Explanation: Bubonic plague is caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis, which is carried by rodent fleas. It can also acquire a secondary form, in which it is disseminated by person-to-person contact via aerosols, resulting in septicaemic or pneumonic plagues. It is estimated that around 25 million people died in Europe because of the Bubonic plague between the year 1347-1351.

Ans. Consume nerve tissues (brain and spine) of cattle infected with Mad cow disease

Explanation: Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, commonly called "mad cow disease,". It is a deadly depressive brain disease. Memory issues, behavioural abnormalities, poor coordination, and visual impairments are some of the early signs of vCJD.

vCJD is transmitted by eating beef and beef products infected with the infectious agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). All kinds of CJD are communicable, irrespective of how it develops in an individual.

Answer: None of the above

Explanation: Rubella can also be spread by inhaling droplets thrown into the air when an infected person sneezes, coughs and speaks. The influenza viruses are primarily transmitted from person to person by droplets formed during coughing or sneezing. Droplets of an infected individual are ejected by coughing, sneezing, and talking and deposited on the mouths or noses of persons around. The common cold is transmitted through sick’s cough, sneezes, or speaking, the virus might spread by droplets in the air. 

Ans. None of the above

Explanation:  Lyme disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks. It is a vector-borne illness. The causal organism of Lyme disease is the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. Lyme can be detected by blood diagnosis.

It cannot be transmitted from person to person via saliva. Kissing or sharing a cup with someone who has Lyme disease is not a reason for concern. Lyme disease cannot spread from person to person via saliva.

Ans.  H1N1 influenza A virus

Explanation: A virus is known as influenza type A subtype H1N1 is known for the cause of the 1918–1919 flu influenza pandemic. 

The Spanish flu infected an estimated 500 million people worldwide between 1918 and 1919. This equaled almost 33% of the world's population at that time. Additionally, the Spanish flu killed around 50 million individuals. 

Ans. Spreads through direct contact with blood and bodily fluids

Explanation: Ebola is transmitted by direct contact with the blood or other body fluid (such as vomit, diarrhoea, urine, breast milk, sweat, and sperm) of an infected person who has symptoms or has recently died from Ebola.

It can also spread through contaminated things or surfaces that come in contact with an infected person's bodily fluids, such as unwashed clothing or bedding from an unwell person.

Ans. Bat

Explanation: Nipah virus(NiV) is a zoonotic virus, which means it can spread between animals and humans. Nipah henipavirus is a bat-borne virus that causes infection in humans and animals, with a high mortality rate. This disease produces severe respiratory problems. Symptoms of the Nipah virus are Fever, Headache, Cough, Sore throat, Trouble breathing, Vomiting.

Ans. Zoonotic disease

Explanation: A zoonosis is an infectious disease that has transferred from animal to human. Zoonotic infections are produced either by new agents or already recognized germs that emerge in previously unknown locations or species. sIt is caused by pathogens such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion and they can spread to humans by direct contact, food, drink, or the environment.

Eg: Rabies is a disease that attacks mammals' nervous systems. It is caused by a virus and is generally transmitted by an infected animal biting another animal or human. Rabies is a lethal illness; once symptoms arise, they cannot be cured. However, rabies may be effectively prevented through vaccines.

Ans. Mother to infant

Explanation: Perinatal transmission: When an HIV-positive mother delivers the infection to her child during pregnancy, labor, and delivery, or nursing (through breast milk). 

To avoid this Antiretroviral (ARV) medications are provided to HIV-positive mothers throughout pregnancy and to their babies after delivery to lower the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child (MTCT). ARV medications also maintain the health of HIV-positive women throughout pregnancy and after birth.

Ans. Virus

Explanation: Chikungunya virus is spread to humans by infected mosquitoes. The causal organism of the chikungunya virus is (CHIKV). Fever and severe joint pain are symptoms of CHIKV infection. Muscle soreness, joint swelling, headache, nausea, exhaustion, and rash are some of the main symptoms. Currently, there is no vaccination or specific medicine available to treat the infection. The treatment is directed at reducing the symptoms.

Ans:Virus

Explanation: Dengue fever is an acute infectious disease that is spread to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are the primary carriers of Dengue.

The family of the virus is the Flaviviridae family, the Flavivirus genus, which also contains viruses like yellow fever, West Nile, and tick-borne encephalitis. Dengue fever may infect a person up to four times in their lifetime.

Ans. Varicella virus

Explanation: The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox, a highly infectious disease. This infectious disease causes a swollen, itchy rash. The rash occurs first on the chest, back, and face before spreading across the body.

The virus spreads easily from people with chickenpox to others who have never had the disease or have never been vaccinated. If one person has it, up to 90% of the people close to that person who are not immune will also become infected.