MCQ on Ecology and Environment: Biodiversity & Biosphere

Ans: 2. Meghalaya

Explanation: The Nokrek Biosphere Reserve is in Meghalaya. A Biosphere Reserve is a large area of terrestrial or coastal/marine ecosystems, or a combination of both, that contains representative natural and cultural landscapes that have been designated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Ans: 2. NO_x and hydrocarbons 

Explanation: In case of Winter smog:

• Winter smog is a regional occurrence that worsens in colder climates and happens when the air is stagnant. The majority of the pollutants that contribute to haze are finer particles, or PM2.5, which are defined as particles with a diameter smaller than 2.5 micrometers.
• Smog is produced when sunlight interacts photochemically with a variety of precursors, including organic (hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds), inorganic (nitrogen compounds, i.e. NO_x and NH₃) carbon compounds (CO, CO₂, and carbonates), sulfur compounds (i.e. H₂s, SO₂, SO₃, H₂SO₄), halogen compounds (HF. HCI), and other compounds (fly ash, silica, etc.)

Ans: 1.  Australia 

Explanation: A marsupial is any member of the mammalian suborder Marsupialia. All currently existing marsupials live in the Americas, Wallacea, and Australia.

• The bulk of these species can be distinguished by the fact that they all carry their young in pouches.

• Examples of marsupials include possums, Tasmanian devils, kangaroos, koalas, wombats, wallabies, bandicoots, and the now-extinct thylacine.

Read Also: Biotic Factors: Producers, Consumers, Decomposers

Ans: 3. 1980 

Explanation: The Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980 was passed to address issues related to, incidental to, or associated with the conservation of forests.

Ans: 2. Rajasthan 

Explanation: One of North India's largest and most well-known national parks is Ranthambore. Ranthambore National Park has 392 square kilometres of land.

Ans: 1. Pigeon 

Explanation: Warm-blooded animals are those animals from the Aves class.

•  The Aves class includes birds, which are distinguished by their feathers, beaks, and modified forelimbs that function as wings.
• Because Pigeons belong from the class of Aves and have warm blood, they can keep their body temperature steady.

Ans: 4. Habitat

Explanation: In terms of ecology, the term habitat refers to the collection of resources, biological and physical factors. It is known to be the natural residence where all organisms exist.

Read Also: Biomes 

Ans: 1.  Carbon Dioxide 

Explanation: The primary components of biogas are methane and carbon dioxide. Underwater anaerobic bacterial decomposition of plant materials results in the production of methane. Swamp gas and marsh gas are other names for it.

Ans: 1. Ozone 

Explanation: A secondary pollutant is created when the primary pollutants react in the atmosphere, whereas a primary pollutant arises directly from any source. Ozone is an illustration of a secondary pollutant since it is produced as a result of the reaction between nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight.

Ans: 4.  Wide distribution with high population 

Explanation: As per the law species which are able to resist high stress have a greater area of distribution and large population. 

Ans: 4. 75 

Explanation: India now has 75 total Ramsar sites, which include 11 new wetlands that have been added to the list. Four of the 11 new locations are in Tamil Nadu, three are in Odisha, two are in Jammu and Kashmir, and one is located in each of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. With 14, Tamil Nadu has the most Ramsar sites, followed by Uttar Pradesh with 10. In 1982, India ratified the Ramsar Convention.

Ans: 2. Infrared Radiation

Explanation: Infrared rays are what generate the greenhouse effect. The collection of orange arrows illustrates how the remaining infrared radiation, represented by the thick red arrow, is re-emitted in all directions after being absorbed by clouds and greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. 

The ability of greenhouse gases to absorb and reemit infrared radiation is essential. The greenhouse effect is the process through which water vapor and other gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from the Sun, raising the Earth's temperature as a result.

An enhanced or amplified greenhouse effect will result from an increase in the amount of infrared radiation that is absorbed and radiated back toward the surface of the Earth. Among the principal greenhouse gases are:

• About 36%–70% of the greenhouse effect is caused by water vapour.
• Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a factor in 9-265.

Ans: 2. Anginda

Explanation: Kothamangalam Taluka in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India, and Devikulam Taluk in the Idukki district border each other at Anamudi Peak. With an elevation of 2,695 meters and a topographic prominence of 2,479 meters, it is the highest peak in South India and the Western Ghats.