MOET Technology: Introduction, Procedure, Advantages

MOET (Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology) is a controlled breeding technique in which multiple eggs are fertilised in an animal and the embryo is assembled without any surgery. It is an excellent embryo flush technique of enhancing the genetic potential of the superior animals and is widely practiced in cattles. 

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Key Terms: Multiple ovulation embryo transfer technology, Follicle-stimulating hormones, Superovulation, Superior offsprings, Embryo transfer 

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What is MOET Technology?

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MOET (Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology) is a program for herd improvement in animals such as cattles, sheep, rabbits, buffaloes, mares, etc. 

The high-yielding female cow is injected with Follicle-stimulating hormones to induce follicular maturation and superovulation. This results in the release of 6-8 eggs per cycle instead of one. Now the female cow is either mated with an elite bull or artificially inseminated. 

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MOET Technology Procedure

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In MOET, hormones, especially the Follicle Stimulating Hormones (FSH) is injected to stimulate the ovaries of the cycling animal to induce multiple ovulations. MOET technology is carried out in the following steps: 

• Programming: First, the donor animal is administered with follicle-stimulating hormone and prostaglandin in her muscles. 
• Heat Detection: It is crucial to accurately take note of the heat level while the donor animal is being artificially inseminated. 
• Embryo Collection: The donor animal is injected with an epidural to calm her bowel. Her buttocks are then washed and sterilised to prevent any sort of infection. The veterinary doctor positions a catheter into one horn of the uterus and the fluid is made run into the uterine horn. The fluid is run back through the catheter and a very fine filter where the embryos are collected. Then after 3 days, the animal is injected with prostaglandin for proper cycling.

• Embryology - The filter is monitored under the microscope for the embryos. The detected embryos are numbered, graded and sterilised. The embryos are either frozen or preserved in liquid nitrogen for future use or are simply transferred into the recipients.
• Embryo Transfer - The recipient animal is injected with an epidural and their ovaries are monitored to check their cycle. The embryo is introduced into the uterus with the help of a transfer gun. 

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Drugs Used In MOET Technology

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MOET (Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer) technology involves using Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) to stimulate the release of more than one egg from the ovaries during the ovulation cycle. Other than Follicle Stimulating Hormones (FSH), the following drugs are used in the process to help synchronize the animals to cycle at the correct time. 

• PMSG (eg Pregnecol)
• Progesterone (eg CIDRs)
• Gonadotropin releasing hormones (eg Receptal) 
• Prostaglandin hormones (eg Estroplan or Estrumate injection) 

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MOET Technology Advantages

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Usually, an animal produces one offspring a year. However, with the advancement of MOET technology, it is now possible to produce more than one offspring from the genetically superior fit animals. Highlighted below are some of the other advantages of MOET technology: 

• Does not require any surgery 
• MOET can be effortlessly carried out in a farm 
• Substantially increases the reproductive rate in animals
• Embryos can be cryopreserved in banks for future usage
• Embryos can be transferred fresh, or frozen in the labs for later use

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Things to Remember

• MOET stands for Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer technology. 
• MOET can be used in a range of farm animals such as cattle, sheep, goat, buffalo, and pig except for horses. 
• It is generally carried out in cattles because it increases the production of offspring significantly.
• Basic steps involved in MOET technology are programming, heat detection, embryo collection and embryo transfer. 
• It relates to a superovulation technique in which the donor animal is injected with hormones to induce follicular maturation. Instead of one egg, the donor animal produces 6 to 8 eggs during a natural cycle.

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