NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare are provided in this article. It covers all the important definitions, concepts, and methodologies that will be really beneficial for the students appearing for CBSE Class 12 Exam 2022-23. The important topics that are included in this chapter are:

Microbes in food processing
Microbes as biofertilizers
Microbes in industrial products
Microbes in the production of biogas
Antibiotics

Expected no. of Questions: 2-3 questions of around 5 marks.

Download PDF: NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10

NCERT Solutions for class 12 Chemistry Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare

Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare: Important Topics

Microbes are present all around us -in the soil, in the air and even in conditions such as geysers with temperatures of 100°C where no other organism can survive. Microbes are diverse; they consist of viruses, bacteria, protozoans, fungi, and viroids. The important topics that are covered in this chapter are:

Microbes as Biofertilizers

The Biofertilizer is a substance that contains Microorganisms helping with Soil Fertility and making the plant grow in a healthy way. Microbes in the Biofertilizers help with the healthy growth of plants and also the value of the soil increases. Biofertilizers are an eco-friendly way of sustaining crops and also promoting organic agriculture.

Some of the microorganisms are used as biofertilizers:

Azotobacter: These are present in all types of upland crops, and help in making the plant grow in a healthy way.
Azospirillum: Unlike Azotobacter, these microorganisms can be used in wetland areas. They are present inside the roots of the plant wherein they fix the atmospheric nitrogen.
Blue-green algae: These microorganisms are free-living nitrogen-fixing Cyanobacteria, and are present only in wet and marshy lands.
Mycorrhiza: It is a symbiotic linkage between the fungi and the roots of a plant. The mycorrhizal fungi play an integral part in binding the soil together and improving the activity of the microbes.

Microbes in Industrial Products

Microbes play an important role in the fermentation process to obtain a number of products. Some of the common products that are obtained through industrial processes are fermented beverages, malted cereals, broths, fruit juices, antibiotics, etc.

Microbes in the Production of Biogas

The organics are, in biogas production, converted into gas and organic fertilizers by microbes under anaerobic conditions. Methanogens are methane-producing bacteria that are responsible for biogas production. Methanobacterium is the common bacteria used for the production of biogas, which burns with a blue flame.

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CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

1.
Monascus purpureus is a yeast used commercially in the production of which one of the following?
- Ethanol
- Streptokinase
- Citric acid
- Statins
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2.
In Pisum sativum, the flower colour may be violet (V) or white (v). What proportion of the offspring in a cross of "VV × vv" would be expected to be violet?
- 25%
- 50%
- 75%
- 100%
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3.
"Indo-Burma" is considered as a hotspot. What is meant by the term "hotspots" in biodiversity ? List two criteria used for determining a "hotspot". Name any two hotspots of India.
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4.
Which of the following is a secondary consumer ?
- Grasshopper
- Cow
- Fish
- Hawk
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5.
Assertion (A) : The milk produced by transgenic cow 'Rosie' was nutritionally more balanced product for human babies than natural cow milk.
Reason (R) : It was human protein enriched milk containing human alpha lactaglobulin.
- Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
- Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
- Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
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6.
A student performed some crosses in plants and represented the result in the form of bar graphs as shown below. Each graph displays the phenotypic proportion of the progeny. Study the graphs and answer the questions :
(c) What conclusion can you draw from the results of bar graphs of crosses I and II ? Name the genetic principle illustrated.
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