Disposable Income Formula: Meaning, Importance & Examples

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Jasmine Grover

Education Journalist | Study Abroad Lead

Disposable income is widely known as net pay which means the savings left with a person after paying income tax. It is formulated by subtracting the income tax from the personal income. It is given by the formula, 

Disposable income = Personal income – Personal income taxes

In this article, we will cover some examples of disposable income and learn the fluctuations and importance of disposable income.

Keyterms: Disposable income, Income, Tax, Income Tax, Fluctuations, Net pay, GDP, Economy


What is Disposable Income?

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The economic term 'disposable income' suggests the amount available for household consumption, savings, and spending after accounting for income tax. Disposable Income is called net pay. 

Disposable Income

Disposable Income


Formula of Disposable Income

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The formula of disposable income is depicted as follows: 

Disposable income = Personal income – Personal income taxes

Or

DPI = PI – PIT

Explanation of formula: Through the formula, we get the idea that disposable income is calculated by subtracting the personal tax from the personal income. This shows that from the entire amount earned by a person all the taxes that he or she pays are deducted to calculate disposable income. 

For example, the total income earned by the Sehgal family is 2,00,000 INR and the effective tax rate is 10%. So, disposable income, in this case, would be 180,000. The answer is calculated by using the formula of disposable income: Personal Income - Personal Income Tax (200,000 - 20,000 [10% of 200,000]). 

Economists use this formula to calculate the dependence on the current economic situation. The formula is used to anticipate the economy of the country. As per the demand, you can adjust the spending. Disposable income has a great impact on the GDP of a country as it fluctuates. 

Also Read: Discount Formula


What Leads To Fluctuation In Disposable Income?

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The unstable economy leads to fluctuation in GDP which ultimately leads to shifting in disposable income. It depends on spending by people in the boom or recession phase. For example, in times of crisis people will ultimately spend a lesser amount which will lead to a direct impact on the country's economy. 


Importance of Disposable Income

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Disposable income has a direct impact on a country's economy as spending of citizens on different products. 

  • Disposable income reveals how much purchase can be made by the consumers during a particular point in time. 
  • Disposable income tells how much saving is possible after all expenditure from the consumer's end. Thus, measuring their household income. 
  • The country's economy is dependent on disposable income. 
  • Other statistical information can be drawn out with the help of disposable income. Few statistical information includes Marginal propensity to consume (MPC), Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS), personal saving, and discretionary income. 

Things To Remember

  • Disposable income is calculated using personal income and personal income tax. 
  • Disposable income is of high importance to accountants as future savings, money to spend on goods, and a country's economy can be easily measured. 
  • Disposable income reveals how much purchase can be made by the consumers during a particular point in time. 
  • It is given by the formula, 

Disposable income = Personal income – Personal income taxes

  • Economists use this formula to calculate the dependence on the current economic situation.

Also Read:


Sample Questions

Ques: Calculate disposable income, National disposable income, private income, and personal income based on the following information: (5 marks
Calculate disposable income, National disposable income, private income, and personal income based on the following information

Ans: 1) Private income= National Income- (Income from property and entrepreneurship to government + Savings of non-departmental government sector) + (Current transfer from government + Current transfers from rest of the world) 

= 3000 - (150+ 40) + (60 + 50) 

=Rs. 2920 crores

2) Personal Income= Private Income - Savings of private corporate sector - Corporate tax

= 2920 - 30 - 80

=Rs. 2810 crores

3) Personal Disposable Income = Personal Income - Direct taxes paid by household

= 2810 - 100

= Rs 2710 Crores

4) National Disposable Income = National Income + Current transfers from rest of the world + Net indirect taxes

= 3000 + 50 + 250

=Rs 3300 Crores

Ques: Calculate personal disposable income and private income on basis of given data: (3 marks)
Calculate personal disposable income and private income on basis of given data

Ans: Personal Disposable Income = Personal income – Direct tax

= 1225 – 25

=Rs. 1200 Crores 

Private Income = Personal income + Saving of private corporate sector + Corporate tax 

= 1225 +12 + 23 

=Rs. 1260 Crores

Ques: Estimate gross disposable income from the following data: (5 marks
Estimate gross disposable income from the following data

Ans: Gross National Disposable Income (GNDI) = Net National Income* + Net indirect tax + Net current transfers from abroad + Depreciation

= 890 + 05 + 15 + 25

= 935 crores

So, the answer is 935 crores

*Net National income= Net disposable income** + (Net factor income from abroad – Net indirect tax)

= 890 + 5 – 5 

= 890 crores

**Net disposable income= Government final consumption expenditure + private final consumption expenditure + net domestic fixed capital formation + net exports

=200 + 600 + 100 + 10 + (-) 20

= 910 – 20 = 890

= 890 crores

Ques: Below is given data based on which you need to find out personal disposable income. (5 marks)
Below is given data based on which you need to find out personal disposable income.

Ans: Personal Disposable Income = Personal Income* – Direct personal taxes 

= 1275 – 40

= Rs 1235 Crores

* Personal Income = Private Income – Corporate Tax – Savings of private corporate sector

= 1315 -15 -25

= Rs 1275 crores

**Private Income = National income –Income from property and entrepreneurship accruing to Government – Savings of non-departmental government enterprises + National Debt Interest + Current transfer from government administrative departments + Current transfers from rest of the world

= 1300 – 35 – 5 +10 + 30 + 15

= Rs. 1315 crores

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CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

  • 1.
    For a hypothetical economy, assuming there are only two firms (X and Y) with equal values of Gross Value Added (GVA). On the basis of the following data, estimate the values of Domestic Sales by firm X:


      • 2.
        Read the following text carefully:
        “A country’s total National Income (NI) at the end of the year is ₹ 80,000 crore. During the same year, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased by ₹ 2,00,000 crore. Price index for capital goods at the end of year is ₹ 15 lakh crore. Additionally, country invested ₹ 8,000 crore in new capital goods industries.”
        In the light of the above text, classify the items as ‘stock’ or ‘flow’ variables with valid arguments. OR The value of Nominal Gross National Product (GNP) of an economy was ₹ 2,500 crore in a particular year. The value of Gross National Product (GNP) of that country during the same year, estimated at the prices of base year was ₹ 3,000 crore.
        • [(i)] Estimate the Gross National Product (GNP) deflator (in percentage).
        • [(ii)] “The price level has risen between the base year and the year under consideration.” Defend or refute the statement with suitable argument.


          • 3.
            Income generated from Aircrafts of Air India operating between Canada and England would be added to the domestic income (NDPFC) of ____________.

              • Canada
              • England
              • Both Canada and England
              • India

            • 4.
              "Under a study, examining the spending habits of a hypothetical economy, it was observed that even households with zero income managed to consume basic necessities. As the income of people increased, their consumption also increased, but not as rapidly as income."
              Based on the given text and common understanding, answer the following questions: (i) Identify and elaborate the type of consumption indicated in the first para of the above text. (ii) Explain, the reason behind the positive slope of Aggregate Demand Curve.


                • 5.
                  Read the following statements carefully:
                  Statement 1: Under the flexible exchange rate system, a deficit or surplus in the Balance of Payments is automatically corrected.
                  Statement 2: Under the flexible exchange rate system, there is always a possibility of over/under valuation of currency.
                  In the light of the above given statements, choose the correct option from the following:

                    • Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false.
                    • Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true.
                    • Both Statements 1 and 2 are true.
                    • Both Statements 1 and 2 are false.

                  • 6.
                    Identify which of the following is a `Stock' variable:

                      • Monthly Salary of a teacher
                      • Distance between Delhi and Mumbai
                      • Annual Interest on savings
                      • Quantity of wheat produced in a year

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