NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 11: Biotechnology : Principles and Processes

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Jasmine Grover

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes are covered in this article. This chapter comes under Unit IX- Biotechnology and its Applications. The article will provide all the important definitions, concepts, and methodologies that will be really beneficial for the students appearing for CBSE Class 12 Exam 2022-23. The important topics that are included in this chapter are:

Expected no. of Questions: 4-5 questions of around 7 marks.

Download PDF: NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes


NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11


Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes: Important Topics

Biotechnology includes the technology and the application of living organisms and their components to develop, modify, and produce a useful product for human welfare and is defined as the Broad Area of Biology. The term ‘Biotechnology’ was coined in the year 1919 by agricultural engineer Karoly Ereky, hence he is called the father of Biotechnology. The term ‘Biotechnology’ was coined in the year 1919 by agricultural engineer Karoly Ereky, hence he's called the father of Biotechnology. Important topics covered are:

  • Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

Principles of Biotechnology are:

The main principles of Biotechnology according to the modern Biotechnology are:

  • Genetic Engineering: This is used to modify the DNA of the target organism, and hence changing the phenotype of the organism.
  • Bioprocess Engineering: This is the maintenance of sterile conditions in order to support the growth of large quantities of desired microbes. This also supports other eukaryotic cells which are used for the production of new or modified biotechnological products such as antibiotics, enzymes, vaccines, etc.
  • Recombinant DNA Technology

Recombinant DNA technology, also known as Genetic Engineering, is the process of joining together two DNA molecules from two different organisms.

The steps that are involved in the process are:

  • Isolation of DNA
  • Transfer of the recombinant DNA into the host
  • Ligation of the desired DNA fragment into the vector
  • DNA fragmentation using restriction endonucleases
  • Culture of the transformed cells in a nutrient medium
  • Extraction of the desired product.

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CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

  • 1.
    Explain the different organizational levels of biodiversity at the genetic, species, and ecological levels, providing a suitable example for each category.


      • 2.
        Name the phenomenon that leads to situations like ‘XO’ abnormality in humans. Also name this genetic disorder. How are individuals with an XO chromosomal abnormality affected ? Write its symptoms as well as karyotype.


          • 3.
            Mention the source and the role of the following in providing defence against infection in the human body : (I) Histamine (II) Interferons


              • 4.
                Mention the source and the functions of the above mentioned hormones.


                  • 5.
                    (I) Write the scientific names of the two species of filarial worms causing filariasis.
                    (II) How do they affect the body of infected persons ?
                    (III) How does the disease spread ?


                      • 6.

                        We know that plasmids and bacteriophages are the most commonly used vectors in biotechnology experiments. If we can link an alien piece of DNA to the plasmid DNA, the alien DNA can be multiplied equal to the copy number of the plasmid. Engineered vectors are used these days. Study the diagram of the E. coli cloning vector pBR322 and answer the questions that follow : 

                          CBSE CLASS XII Previous Year Papers

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