NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 11: Biotechnology : Principles and Processes

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Jasmine Grover

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes are covered in this article. This chapter comes under Unit IX- Biotechnology and its Applications. The article will provide all the important definitions, concepts, and methodologies that will be really beneficial for the students appearing for CBSE Class 12 Exam 2022-23. The important topics that are included in this chapter are:

Expected no. of Questions: 4-5 questions of around 7 marks.

Download PDF: NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes


NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11


Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes: Important Topics

Biotechnology includes the technology and the application of living organisms and their components to develop, modify, and produce a useful product for human welfare and is defined as the Broad Area of Biology. The term ‘Biotechnology’ was coined in the year 1919 by agricultural engineer Karoly Ereky, hence he is called the father of Biotechnology. The term ‘Biotechnology’ was coined in the year 1919 by agricultural engineer Karoly Ereky, hence he's called the father of Biotechnology. Important topics covered are:

  • Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

Principles of Biotechnology are:

The main principles of Biotechnology according to the modern Biotechnology are:

  • Genetic Engineering: This is used to modify the DNA of the target organism, and hence changing the phenotype of the organism.
  • Bioprocess Engineering: This is the maintenance of sterile conditions in order to support the growth of large quantities of desired microbes. This also supports other eukaryotic cells which are used for the production of new or modified biotechnological products such as antibiotics, enzymes, vaccines, etc.
  • Recombinant DNA Technology

Recombinant DNA technology, also known as Genetic Engineering, is the process of joining together two DNA molecules from two different organisms.

The steps that are involved in the process are:

  • Isolation of DNA
  • Transfer of the recombinant DNA into the host
  • Ligation of the desired DNA fragment into the vector
  • DNA fragmentation using restriction endonucleases
  • Culture of the transformed cells in a nutrient medium
  • Extraction of the desired product.

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CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

  • 1.
    Explain any two basic principles/core techniques on which biotechnology is based.
    Describe any three key tools used in Recombinant DNA technology.


      • 2.
        Describe the series of experiments conducted by Frederick Griffith. Comment on the significance of the result obtained.
        State the contribution of Avery, MacLeod and McCarty.


          • 3.
            Work out the crosses between:
            Normal female and Haemophilic male
            Carrier female and Normal male
            (III) Carrier female and Haemophilic male
            Write the conclusions you draw from these crosses. Comment on the type of inheritance of the disease.
            (Use: $X$ - Normal, $X^h$ - Haemophilic)


              • 4.
                What is meant by translation in protein synthesis?
                Explain charging of tRNA (aminoacylation of tRNA) and mention its importance in the process of translation.


                  • 5.
                    Oogenesis is a discontinuous process that begins before birth and is completed after puberty.
                    Trace the development of a gamete mother cell till its release from the ovary during ovulation.
                    Name the two pituitary hormones that play an important role in the process.


                      • 6.
                        A DNA molecule is 160 base pairs long. It has 30% Guanine. How many Adenine bases are present in this DNA molecule?

                          • 48
                          • 64
                          • 96
                          • 192
                        CBSE CLASS XII Previous Year Papers

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