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Transportation in plants and animals refer to the transportation of water, food, minerals, and oxygen to different parts of the body of all living beings which contribute to cell development and respiration. The waste materials are carried to the excretory organs, where they are eliminated from the body. For the transfer of chemicals, plants and animals have distinct organs and mechanisms.
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Keyterms: Transportation, respiration, tissues, plants, animals, Xylem, phloem, excretory organs, water, food, minerals, oxygen
Transportation in Plants
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Water, minerals, and nutrients are transported by two types of tissues in plants. Xylem and phloem are the tissues in question.
Xylem - The xylem is in charge of transporting water and mineral salts from the roots to various sections of the plant.
Elongated dead cells are organised as continuous tubes in these tissues. Water cannot pass via xylems.
Phloem - Phloem transports amino acids and sucrose between leaves and other plant components.
These tissues are made up of live cells that are organised in a line from one end to the other. Amino acids and sugar are transported up and down the plant by it. In this regard, phloems vary from xylems.
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Transportation in Animals
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The transfer of food, water, and oxygen to different regions of the body is known as transportation in animals. The circulatory and excretory systems make up such a system.
Circulatory System
Blood, blood arteries, and the heart are the primary components of the circulatory system. Blood is pumped by arteries and veins, which are two different types of blood vessels.
Arteries are blood vessels that transport oxygenated blood from the heart to other areas of the body. Carbon dioxide-infused blood flows through veins from the body's various organs to the heart.
The excretory system aids in the elimination of wastes produced by an animal's body. The kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, and ureters are the many components of this system.
Transportation in Humans
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The circulatory system, often known as the cardiovascular system, is a system that transports blood across the body. Blood, blood arteries, and the heart make up the circulatory system.
Blood:
Blood is a fluid tissue that runs via blood vessels, which are unique tubes.
The fluid portion of the blood, plasma, is made up of 90% water. It's a light yellow colour. It contains nutrients, enzymes, and waste products.
RBCs (red blood cells) are disc-shaped cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. Blood is crimson due to the presence of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is an iron-containing pigment that forms oxyhaemoglobin when combined with oxygen. WBCs (white blood cells) are another name for these cells. RBCs are smaller than these cells. White blood cells aid in the body's defence against infection. Platelets are non-nucleated irregularly shaped blood cells that cause blood to coagulate. These are also known as thrombocytes because they release thromboplastin, which causes blood to clot.
Things to Remember
- Transportation in animals and plants is a part of unit 2, World of living under Life processes chapter.
- It carries a total of 12 to 14 periods and 5 to 6 marks.
- Diffusion is responsible for circulation in unicellular organisms such as amoeba and paramecium. Diffusion transports nutrients to all regions of the cell.
- Nutrients are circulated in the body of multicellular creatures such as hydra and jellyfish via the water vascular system.
- The kind of circulation in which blood only goes through the heart once is known as single circulation. It can be seen in fish, for example. A fish is a lower vertebrate with a heart that has two chambers. The heart of a fish contains two chambers: one atrium and one ventricle. Gills aid in the purification of deoxygenated blood.
- The form of circulation in which blood travels twice through the heart is known as double circulation. Higher animals, such as birds and mammals, have two circulatory systems.
- The stems are in charge of transporting water and nutrients in plants via the xylem and phloem systems, respectively. However, in one case, energy is required for movement, while in another case, it is unnecessary.
- Water moves in one direction and is held together by adhesion and cohesion. This mode of transportation is passive, meaning it does not need any energy. The transport of nutrients from leaves to other sections of the plant, on the other hand, necessitates the use of energy.
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Sample questions
Ques 1. What's the Big Difference Between Plants and Animals When It Comes to Transportation? (1 mark)
Ans. The circulatory system in an animal's body is regulated by the heart. However, there is no similar control over transit inside the plant body.
Ques 2. Why is it important for a plant or animal to transfer materials? Explain. (1 mark)
Ans. Material transportation is important for plants and animals because it allows nutrients and oxygen to reach all areas of the organism. The body will not be able to live if required nutrients and oxygen are not transported throughout it.
Ques 3. What happens if platelets aren't present in the blood? (2 marks)
Ans. Platelets' major function in our bodies is to aid in the clotting of blood, which helps to halt any bleeding. Clotting will not happen without platelets. As a result, if an accident or a cut occurs on the body without platelets to form a clot, severe blood loss will occur owing to uncontrolled bleeding, which can lead to death.
Ques 4. Describe the heart's function. (2 marks)
Ans. All areas of the body send blood with carbon dioxide to the right auricle and ventricle. The blood is subsequently pushed to the lungs, where it is purified. Gases are exchanged in the lungs, and cleansed blood is returned to the left auricle. It pumps the blood to the left ventricle, which then distributes the purified blood to all areas of the body via arteries.
Ques 5. What is the purpose of excreting waste products? (2 marks)
Ans. During the functioning of bodily cells, some waste and harmful chemicals are produced. Toxic waste products, such as urea, are produced. When hazardous chemicals aren't eliminated from the body, they mix with the blood and cause harm to the body's cells. Such toxic waste products must be removed from our bodies.
Ques 6. What function does transpiration serve in plants? (1 mark)
Ans. In plants, transpiration plays a critical role. The transpiration pull is responsible for the ascent of water to enormous heights in tall plants and other trees due to transpiration.
Ques 7. What causes the blood to seem red? (2 marks)
Ans. The presence of a pigment called haemoglobin in red blood cells causes blood to look red. Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein complex that aids in the delivery of oxygen throughout the human body. Our blood contains a lot of iron, which reflects red light and makes the blood seem red. As a result, haemoglobin causes the blood to appear red.
Ques 8. Write the functions of transportation in plants. (3 marks)
Ans. The following are the functions of transpiration in plants:
- Plants' temperatures are reduced, preventing heat damage.
- Rainwater is stored in taller plants, causing transpiration pull.
- It also results in the loss of water that would otherwise be absorbed by plants.
Previous Year Questions
Ques 1. (a) What is translocation? Why is it essential for plants?
(b) Where do the substances in plants reach as a result of translocation? (2019 outside Delhi)
Ans. a. Translocation refers to the transportation of food from leaves to other parts of the plant. Translocation is a very essential activity for the growth and development of the plants, because without translocation food made by the leaves would not be able to reach other parts of the plant.
b.As a result of translocation the substances reach other tissues from the leaves.
Ques 2. (a) Mention any two components of blood.
(b) Trace the movement of oxygenated blood in the body.
(c) Write the function of valves present in between atrium and ventricles.
(d) Write one structural difference between the composition of arteries and veins. (2018)
Ans. a. Two components of blood are: Red blood cells and white blood cells.
b.The oxygenated blood first passes through the left atrium, then through the left ventricle and then to the rest of the organs in the body.
c.Valves help in preventing the blood from flowing backward from the ventricles to the atrium.
d.Arteries have a thick wall and transport oxygenated blood whereas veins have a thin wall and transport deoxygenated blood.
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