Uses Of Formaldehyde: Definition, Physical & Chemical Properties

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Arpita Srivastava

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Formaldehyde is used in various preservatives due to its naturally occurring property. It is a colorless gas and highly toxic poison which is absorbed well by inhalation. When we come in contact with a solution of formaldehyde we may cause severe burns to the eyes and skin.

Key Terms: Chemical Reaction, Preservatives, Methanol, Organic Compound, Reactive Molecule, Aldehyded


What Is Formaldehyde?

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Formaldehyde also known as methanal, is an organic compound, which is the simplest of the aldehydes made of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen. Formaldehyde is a reactive molecule and comes first in the series of aliphatic aldehydes.

Formaldehyde is mostly described as a gas, but it is also presented dissolved in water or other solvents. 

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Uses Of Formaldehyde

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The uses of formaldehyde are as follows:

  • Formaldehyde is also used to produce a huge product, like building materials.
  • Formaldehyde is used in agriculture and medicine where disinfectants, fungicides, fumigants, and preservatives are made up of formaldehyde.
  • Formaldehyde is used in the production of resins.
  • The resins made up of formaldehyde are used as the finishers to make fabrics crease-resistant.

Physical properties of formaldehyde

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The major physical properties of formaldehyde are as specified:

  • The odor of formaldehyde is very suffocating to smell.
  • Formaldehyde’s covalent bond unit is 1.
  • Formaldehyde is a colorless gas.
  • The hydrogen bond acceptor is 1.
  • Formaldehyde is soluble in water and acetone.
  • The complexity of formaldehyde is 2.

Chemical Properties Of Formaldehyde

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The major chemical properties of formaldehyde are as specified:

  • When formaldehyde is reacted with ammonia it forms formamidine and water.
6HCHO + 4NH3 → (CH2)6N4 + 6H2O
  • When formaldehyde is reacted with any base like sodium hydroxide it forms sodium formate and methanol. 
2HCHO + NaOH → HCOONa + CH3OH

Things To Remember

  • Formaldehyde is an organic compound.
  • Formaldehyde is a reactive molecule and comes first in the series of aliphatic aldehydes.
  • Formaldehyde is also used to produce a huge product, like building materials.
  • Formaldehyde is used in the production of resins.
  • Formaldehyde is soluble in water and acetone.
  • The complexity of formaldehyde is 2.
  • When formaldehyde is reacted with ammonia it forms formamidine and water.

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Previous Year Questions


Sample Questions

Ques. Is formaldehyde used in health care? (2 Marks)

Ans. Formaldehyde manufactures anti-infective drugs, hard-gel capsules, and vaccines. It is used to inactivate viruses, so they are unable to cause diseases like influenza.

Ques. why do we count formaldehyde as a good preservative? (2 Marks)

Ans. Formaldehyde is counted as a good preservative due to its combination of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon and its anti-bacterial properties. So, it is widely used as a preservative.

Ques. Can we use formaldehyde in the construction of buildings? (3 Marks)

Ans. Yes, formaldehyde can be used and it is in use while constructing buildings. Resins are used in manufacturing engineered and composite wood products which are extensively used in countertops, cabinetry, furniture, stair systems, shelving, wall sheathing, flooring, support beams, and several other structures and household furnishings.

Ques. Why do we use formaldehyde as a vaccine? (2 Marks)

Ans. Formaldehyde is used to inactivate viruses like polio and to detoxify bacterial toxins, such as the toxin used to create diphtheria vaccines.

Ques. What is formaldehyde? (3 Marks)

Ans. Formaldehyde also known as methanal, is an organic compound, which is the simplest of the aldehydes made of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen. Formaldehyde is a reactive molecule and comes first in the series of aliphatic aldehydes. 

Formaldehyde is mostly described as a gas, but it is also presented dissolved in water or other solvents. Formaldehyde is used in a wide range due to its natural occurring property. The major use of formaldehyde is as a preservative due to its anti-bacterial properties.

Ques. List some major uses of formaldehyde. (4 Marks)

Ans. Uses of formaldehyde are as follows:

  • Formaldehyde is also used to produce huge products, like building materials.
  • Formaldehyde is used in agriculture and medicine where disinfectants, fungicides, fumigants, and preservatives are made up of formaldehyde.
  • Formaldehyde is used in the production of resins.
  • The resins made up of formaldehyde are used as the finishers to make fabrics crease-resistant.

Ques. State five physical properties of formaldehyde. (5 Marks)

Ans. The major physical properties of formaldehyde are as specified:

  • The odor of formaldehyde is very suffocating to smell.
  • Formaldehyde’s covalent bond unit is 1.
  • Formaldehyde is a colorless gas.
  • The hydrogen bond acceptor is 1.
  • Formaldehyde is soluble in water and acetone.

Ques. What are the chemical properties of formaldehyde? (4 Marks)

Ans. The major chemical properties of formaldehyde are as specified:

  • When formaldehyde is reacted with ammonia it forms formamidine and water. 

6HCHO + 4NH3 → (CH2)6N4 + 6H2O

  • When formaldehyde is reacted with any base like sodium hydroxide it forms sodium formate and methanol. 

2HCHO + NaOH → HCOONa + CH3OH

Ques. What happens when formaldehyde reacts with any base sodium hydroxide? (3 Marks)

Ans. When formaldehyde is reacted with any base like sodium hydroxide it forms sodium formate and methanol. 

2HCHO + NaOH → HCOONa + CH3OH

Ques. Is formaldehyde a gas? (3 Marks)

Ans. Formaldehyde is mostly described as a gas, but it is also presented dissolved in water or other solvents.

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CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

  • 1.

    (i) (I) The \(\mathrm{pK_b}\) value of aniline is higher than that of methylamine. Explain why.

    (II) Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of their basic strength in the gaseous phase :

    \(\mathrm{NH_3}\), \(\mathrm{(C_2H_5)_2NH}\), \(\mathrm{(C_2H_5)_3N}\), \(\mathrm{C_2H_5NH_2}\)

    (III) What is Hinsberg's reagent ? Mention its one use.

    (ii) How will you convert the following :

    (I) Nitrobenzene to Benzenediazonium chloride ?

    (II) Iodomethane to Ethanamine ?


      • 2.

        (a) What are anomers ? Explain.

        (b) What happens when glucose reacts with hydroxylamine ? Write the reaction involved.

        (c) Name the disease caused by the deficiency of Vitamin B\(_{12}\).


          • 3.
            Following reaction takes place in one step:

            \(2A + B \rightarrow 2C\)

            How will the rate of above reaction change if the volume of the reaction vessel is decreased to one third of its original volume? Will there be any change in the order of reaction with the reduced volume?


              • 4.

                (i) A first order reaction is 20% complete in 10 minutes. Calculate the time taken when 80% of the reaction will be completed.

                [Given : log 5 = 0.7, log 4 = 0.6]

                (ii) For a chemical reaction \( \mathrm{R \rightarrow P} \), variation in \( \ln[\mathrm{R}] \) vs. time (t) graph is given below :

                (I) Predict the order of the reaction.

                (II) Write the slope of the curve.




                  • 5.

                    (a) Write two structural differences between DNA and RNA.

                    (b) Which component of starch is a branched chain polymer of \( \alpha \)-D-(+)-glucose ? Write its one characteristic feature.

                    (c) Which types of bonds hold the polypeptide chains in fibrous proteins ?


                      • 6.

                        Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option :

                        Column IColumn II
                        a. Osmotic pressurei. \( \Delta \mathrm{T_f} = \mathrm{K_f}\,m \)
                        b. Elevation of boiling pointii. \( \pi = CRT \)
                        c. Depression of freezing pointiii. \( \frac{\mathrm{P_1^0 - P_1}}{\mathrm{P_1^0}} = \frac{\mathrm{W_2 \times M_1}}{\mathrm{M_2 \times W_1}} \)
                        d. Relative lowering of vapour pressureiv. \( \Delta \mathrm{T_b} = \mathrm{K_b}\,m \)

                          • a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
                          • a-ii, b-i, c-iii, d-iv
                          • a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i
                          • a-ii, b-iv, c-i, d-iii
                        CBSE CLASS XII Previous Year Papers

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