Animal Husbandry Poultry: Meaning, Importance and Impacts

Animal husbandry refers to the breeding of animals for their products. It comprises Dairyfarming (or Cattle farming), Poultry farming, Apiculture, Pisciculture, Equine farming. There is no doubt that animal husbandry is one of the major sources of income for farmers. However, it necessitates a great deal of knowledge and invention without which it would be difficult to meet the world's demand for animal products.

Key Takeaways: Animal Husbandry, Poultry, Breeding, Feeding, Cross Breeding, Farm Management.

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What is Animal Husbandry?

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Animals provide us with a variety of animal products that constitute high nutritional value, but it requires a great deal of proper care and concern too. These species require a thorough understanding of the genetic features, necessities, and behaviour of animals.

Animal Husbandry

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Types of Animal Husbandry

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There are 4 type of Animal Husbandry:

• Dairy Farming: Dairy farming is a technique for the production of products such as curd, cheese, yoghurt, butter, cream and many more.The dairy products, majorly milk, we get from animals such as cows, bison, and goats.
• Poultry Farming: The term "poultry" refers to a broad variety of domestic fowl, including native and commercial chickens, ducks, guinea fowl, geese, quail, pigeons, etc. Poultry is practised all across the world, with chickens being by far the most common species.
• Fish Farming: In this Farming, fishes are raised in tanks or ponds for various types of purposes. This could increase the demand of fishes in the market.
• Bee Farming: In this Farming, Bees are raised which would increase the demand of bees in the market.

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Impact of Animal Husbandry on the Environment

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The surroundings and methods in animal husbandry vary from one type of animal to the other depending on their type of care, food, and environment. Demand for eggs, meat and other dairy products which can be produced by poultry farming are increasing day by day. It is increasing by increasing population also. There are not huge resources of poultry as compared to the demand of them by humans. Various habitats are decreasing due to animal husbandry. Not only forests, but freshwater is also going to decline. Our ecosystem is going to imbalance due to animal husbandry.

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What is Poultry Farming

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Animal Husbandry is a branch of organic farming and horticulture. It got its roots from cattle farming and the nurturing of animals like cows, goats, bison, sheep, and so on. Following that, it was expanded to include cattle and poultry farming cultivation, egg and broiler production, fisheries, apiculture, and so on.

Poultry Farming

Poultry fowls can suffer from a variety of human diseases caused by infection, microscopic organisms, fungus, parasites, and nutritional deficiencies. Thus, to prevent the same it is required to do cleaning, sterilisation, and sanitizer splashing at regular spans. The occurrence of infections and severe diseases along with the reduction in poultry losses can be prevented with appropriate vaccination.

It includes two types of Management which are as follows:

Farm Management

Farm Management is included in poultry farming which is used in maintaining shelter and food.

• Shelter: Birds in poultry farming should be maintained with care in their shelter. Their feeding, housing, and care is to be done in the shelter which is to be well-maintained and cleaned. Requirement of good hygiene and proper ventilation is necessary.
• Food: Egg layers and broilers are the two categories which are included in poultry farming for which food requirement is very much necessary. They should be feeded with rich-protein and good hygiene.

Disease Management

In poultry Farming, Disease-free conditions are very important as there are numerous diseases which exist in our environment on a high-level. Poultry farming is an endeavour to rear domestic animals for meat and egg production. In this way, improved chicken breeds are produced and nurtured to produce broilers and eggs for meat.

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Importance of Poultry Farming

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The inbreeding depression industry is continuously growing and industrialising because the growing population, increased purchasing power, and urbanisation have all been powerful drivers of its growth in many parts of the world.

Further, breeding advancement has resulted in the domestication of such breeds that fit certain needs and are becoming increasingly helpful. This has ultimately led to the cross-breeding of Indian and foreign breeds for the enhancement. It is concentrated on fostering new variations for the under-mentioned traits:

• The quantity and type of chicks.
• Commercial chick production through dwarf broiler parents.
• Adaption to summer transformation/resistance to warm temperatures.
• Fewer maintenance requirements.
• Reduction in the size of the egg-laying bird with the ability to employ less expensive yet more fibrous feeding regimens using agricultural outcomes.

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Things to Remember

Following are some important points:

• The branch of agriculture, i.e., Animal husbandry deals with animals for their products such as meat, fibre, milk, and much more. 
• Poultry farming is an endeavour to rear domestic animals for meat and egg production.
• Asia is the most important egg-producing region, accounting for more than 64% of global output.
• Poultry is grown by around 80% of provincial families in agricultural nations. Chickens account for 90 percent of global poultry meat production.
• Over the last thirty years, global egg production has increased by 150 percent. Much of this growth has occurred in Asia, where production has nearly quadrupled.