NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Biotechnology and Its Applications

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Jasmine Grover

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 12 Biotechnology and Its Applications are provided in this article. It covers all the important definitions, concepts, and methodologies that will be really beneficial for the students appearing for CBSE Class 12 Exam 2022-23. The important topics that are included in this chapter are:

Expected no. of Questions: 3-4 questions of around 6 marks.

Download PDF: NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology and Its Applications


NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11

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Class 12 Biology Chapter 12 Biotechnology and Its Applications: Important Topics

Biotechnology includes the technology and the application of living organisms and their components to develop, modify, and produce a useful product for human welfare and is defined as the Broad Area of Biology. The term ‘Biotechnology’ was coined in the year 1919 by agricultural engineer Karoly Ereky, hence he is called the father of Biotechnology. The term ‘Biotechnology’ was coined in the year 1919 by agricultural engineer Karoly Ereky, hence he's called the father of Biotechnology.

  • Biotechnology in Agriculture

Agricultural biotechnology can be defined as a set of scientific techniques which can improve plants, micro-organisms, and animals based on DNA and its concepts. However, the use of biotechnology in agriculture is considered to be more effective than that of agrochemicals. The latter is somewhat unfeasible for farmers and believed to be responsible for causing environmental distress. 

  • Application of Enzymes

In human cells, there are approximately 1300 different enzymes which include amylase, pepsin, trypsin, pancreatic lipase, ribonuclease, and deoxyribonuclease. All these enzymes are involved in the various chemical processes such as the breakdown of large starch molecules, proteins, and other nucleic acids.

The applications of enzymes include:

  • Addition of α-Amylase and glucoamylase to improve the quality of the food.
  • Addition of peroxidase for the colour and nutritional quality of the food purposes.
  • Addition of lipase, xylanase, and glucose oxidase for the improvement of the flavour.
  • Genetically Modified Organisms

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs), also known as transgenic organisms, are the organisms in which DNA from the desired organism is inserted in the laboratory. GMOs are created in the laboratory using scientific methods like Recombinant DNA technology and Reproductive cloning.


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CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

  • 1.
    Differentiate between active and passive immunity. Write any three differences.


      • 2.

        We know that plasmids and bacteriophages are the most commonly used vectors in biotechnology experiments. If we can link an alien piece of DNA to the plasmid DNA, the alien DNA can be multiplied equal to the copy number of the plasmid. Engineered vectors are used these days. Study the diagram of the E. coli cloning vector pBR322 and answer the questions that follow : 


          • 3.
            Draw the structure of an antibody molecule and label any four of its parts.


              • 4.
                Briefly explain the events of fertilisation and implantation in an adult human female.


                  • 5.
                    Explain Gause’s 'Competitive Exclusion Principle' and provide a suitable ecological example that demonstrates this principle in nature.


                      • 6.
                        Mention the source and the functions of the above mentioned hormones.

                          CBSE CLASS XII Previous Year Papers

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