NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Biotechnology and Its Applications

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Jasmine Grover

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 12 Biotechnology and Its Applications are provided in this article. It covers all the important definitions, concepts, and methodologies that will be really beneficial for the students appearing for CBSE Class 12 Exam 2022-23. The important topics that are included in this chapter are:

Expected no. of Questions: 3-4 questions of around 6 marks.

Download PDF: NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology and Its Applications


NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11

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Class 12 Biology Chapter 12 Biotechnology and Its Applications: Important Topics

Biotechnology includes the technology and the application of living organisms and their components to develop, modify, and produce a useful product for human welfare and is defined as the Broad Area of Biology. The term ‘Biotechnology’ was coined in the year 1919 by agricultural engineer Karoly Ereky, hence he is called the father of Biotechnology. The term ‘Biotechnology’ was coined in the year 1919 by agricultural engineer Karoly Ereky, hence he's called the father of Biotechnology.

  • Biotechnology in Agriculture

Agricultural biotechnology can be defined as a set of scientific techniques which can improve plants, micro-organisms, and animals based on DNA and its concepts. However, the use of biotechnology in agriculture is considered to be more effective than that of agrochemicals. The latter is somewhat unfeasible for farmers and believed to be responsible for causing environmental distress. 

  • Application of Enzymes

In human cells, there are approximately 1300 different enzymes which include amylase, pepsin, trypsin, pancreatic lipase, ribonuclease, and deoxyribonuclease. All these enzymes are involved in the various chemical processes such as the breakdown of large starch molecules, proteins, and other nucleic acids.

The applications of enzymes include:

  • Addition of α-Amylase and glucoamylase to improve the quality of the food.
  • Addition of peroxidase for the colour and nutritional quality of the food purposes.
  • Addition of lipase, xylanase, and glucose oxidase for the improvement of the flavour.
  • Genetically Modified Organisms

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs), also known as transgenic organisms, are the organisms in which DNA from the desired organism is inserted in the laboratory. GMOs are created in the laboratory using scientific methods like Recombinant DNA technology and Reproductive cloning.


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CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

  • 1.
    Work out the crosses between:
    Normal female and Haemophilic male
    Carrier female and Normal male
    (III) Carrier female and Haemophilic male
    Write the conclusions you draw from these crosses. Comment on the type of inheritance of the disease.
    (Use: $X$ - Normal, $X^h$ - Haemophilic)


      • 2.

        Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: 
        The data below shows the concentration of nicotine smoked by a smoker taking 10puffs/minute.
         


          • 3.
            Oogenesis is a discontinuous process that begins before birth and is completed after puberty.
            Trace the development of a gamete mother cell till its release from the ovary during ovulation.
            Name the two pituitary hormones that play an important role in the process.


              • 4.
                Describe the series of experiments conducted by Frederick Griffith. Comment on the significance of the result obtained.
                State the contribution of Avery, MacLeod and McCarty.


                  • 5.
                    Cow dung and water are mixed and fed into a biogas plant to allow digestion of biowastes. The person performing this process says that there is no need to provide an inoculum.
                    Do you agree with him? Justify your answer.
                    What happens to the biowaste inside the digester ?
                    (c) Name the useful by-products obtained from this process and mention how they are used.


                      • 6.
                        Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
                        India is one of the megadiverse countries housing around 8·1 per cent of global species diversity, although its land area is only 2·4 per cent of the world’s land area. Many of the species are highly threatened due to human activities like deforestation, mining and habitat fragmentation. Laws like Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 were enacted by the Government of India to preserve our biological wealth. Various conservation measures are being implemented to save the threatened species. The following bar graph shows the number of species conserved under different biodiversity conservation methods.

                        Which other methods shown in the diagram are opposite to the one identified by you in question ? How are these two conservation approaches different?
                        (c) Write two features of Biodiversity hotspots.
                        (c) To which category do sacred groves belong and how do they help in bio-conservation?

                          CBSE CLASS XII Previous Year Papers

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