NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 13: Organisms and Population

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Jasmine Grover

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 13 Organisms and Population are provided in this article. This Chapter 13 comes under Unit X- Ecology and Environment. The article will provide all the important definitions, concepts, and methodologies that will be really beneficial for the students appearing for CBSE Class 12 Exam 2022-23. The important topics that are included in this chapter are:

Expected no. of Questions: 1-2 questions of around 3 marks.

Download PDF: NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 13 Organisms and Populations


NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 13

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Class 12 Biology Chapter 13 Organisms and Populations: Important Topics

The branch of biology involving the study of the interactions that take place between an organism and its environment is known as ecology. Any biological organization consists of 4 levels which are as Organisms, Populations, Biomes, and Communities. Let us know more about the first two levels that are- Organisms, and Populations. 

  • Organisms

An organism can be defined as a contiguous living system that lives in an environment and has the ability to adapt and retain certain structures and behaviour. For instance, fungi, bacteria, plants, animals, and humans. An organism collectively forms a population. 

  • Populations

The population is referred to as a group of individuals or organisms of any species living in a well–defined geographical area, at a specific time with the capability of interbreeding. For example, the population of deer in a forest.

  • Population Interactions

Population interactions are referred to as the interaction between different populations. There are various modes of population interactions. These include:

  • Predation: In this is a type of interaction an organism kills and feeds on another organism. The one who kills is the predator and the one who is killed is the prey.
  • Competition: This is the type of biological interaction that takes place between different animals or species in which both are harmed.
  • Parasitism: It is a type of interaction between species wherein the parasite lives inside the body of another organism and causes harm to it.
  • Commensalism: In this type of interaction, one organism benefits while the other is neither benefitted nor harmed.
  • Mutualism: This type of interaction occurs in both the species or organisms who are benefitted from each other.

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CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

  • 1.
    What is the carrying capacity of a species in a habitat?
    Explain the growth curve that takes this capacity into account.


      • 2.
        Draw a neat diagram of a maize grain showing the internal structure and label any five parts.


          • 3.
            In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a popular method these days that is helping childless couples to bear a child.
            Write the different steps that are carried out in this technique.
            Would you consider gamete intra fallopian transfer as a type of IVF? Justify your answer.


              • 4.
                What is meant by translation in protein synthesis?
                Explain charging of tRNA (aminoacylation of tRNA) and mention its importance in the process of translation.


                  • 5.
                    Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
                    India is one of the megadiverse countries housing around 8·1 per cent of global species diversity, although its land area is only 2·4 per cent of the world’s land area. Many of the species are highly threatened due to human activities like deforestation, mining and habitat fragmentation. Laws like Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 were enacted by the Government of India to preserve our biological wealth. Various conservation measures are being implemented to save the threatened species. The following bar graph shows the number of species conserved under different biodiversity conservation methods.

                    Which other methods shown in the diagram are opposite to the one identified by you in question ? How are these two conservation approaches different?
                    (c) Write two features of Biodiversity hotspots.
                    (c) To which category do sacred groves belong and how do they help in bio-conservation?


                      • 6.
                        "Early and accurate diagnosis of diseases is vital in medical technology."
                        Name the conventional methods of diagnosis and their disadvantages.
                        Which three diagnostic techniques have been developed through Biotechnology ? Explain how each one helps in detecting diseases.

                          CBSE CLASS XII Previous Year Papers

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