NCERT Solutions for class 12 Biology chapter 14: Eco System 

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Jasmine Grover

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 Ecosystem are provided in this article. This Chapter 14 is included in Unit X- Ecology and Environment. The article covers all the important definitions, concepts, and methodologies that will be really beneficial for the students appearing for CBSE Class 12 Exam 2022-23. The important topics that are included in this chapter are:

Expected no. of Questions: 1-2 questions of around 3 marks.

Download PDF: NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 Ecosystem


NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14

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  • Structure of the Ecosystem

The structure of an ecosystem is characterized by the amalgamation of both biotic and abiotic components. This comprises the distribution of energy in our environment. It also includes the climatic conditions prevailing in that particular environment. 

The structure of an ecosystem can be split into two main components, namely: 

  • Biotic Components: These components refer to all life in an ecosystem.  Based on nutrition, biotic components can be categorized into autotrophs, heterotrophs, and saprotrophs or decomposers.
  • Abiotic Components: The non-living component of an ecosystem are called abiotic components. It includes air, water, soil, minerals, sunlight, temperature, nutrients, wind, altitude, turbidity, etc. 
  • Function of Ecosystem

The functions of the ecosystem include the regulation of the essential ecological processes, support life systems, and rendering stability. It is also responsible for the cycling of nutrients between biotic and abiotic components. Moreover, it maintains a balance among the various trophic levels in the ecosystem. Also, it cycles the minerals through the biosphere. The abiotic components help in the synthesis of organic components that involves the exchange of energy.


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CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

  • 1.

    A student performed some crosses in plants and represented the result in the form of bar graphs as shown below. Each graph displays the phenotypic proportion of the progeny. Study the graphs and answer the questions :

    (c) What conclusion can you draw from the results of bar graphs of crosses I and II ? Name the genetic principle illustrated.


      • 2.
        In Pisum sativum, the flower colour may be violet (V) or white (v). What proportion of the offspring in a cross of "VV × vv" would be expected to be violet?

          • 25%
          • 50%
          • 75%
          • 100%

        • 3.

          "Indo-Burma" is considered as a hotspot. What is meant by the term "hotspots" in biodiversity ? List two criteria used for determining a "hotspot". Name any two hotspots of India.


            • 4.
              Copper releasing intrauterine devices are very effective and popular contraceptive devices. Name any two copper releasing IUDs. Write two reasons that make them effective contraceptives.


                • 5.

                  Which of the following is a secondary consumer ?

                    • Grasshopper
                    • Cow
                    • Fish
                    • Hawk

                  • 6.

                    "Indo-Burma" is considered as a hotspot. What is meant by the term "hotspots" in biodiversity ? List two criteria used for determining a "hotspot". Name any two hotspots of India.

                      CBSE CLASS XII Previous Year Papers

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