Chemical Compound Formulas: Common Compounds, Formula Chart

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Chemistry is the branch of science which deals with the chemical properties of the substances and their composite use to form new substances. In the study of chemistry, every element’s existence in nature which is known to us till date has been assigned a specific name and symbol in order to get them handy for our own usage. Compounds are the combination of two or more elements in a specific ratio and proper proportions. The chemical formula is an expression that represents an element in that compound along with its proportion in the compound.

Also check: Chemical Equation for Calcium Hydroxide

Table of Content

Writing a Chemical Formula
List of Chemical Formulae
Things to Remember
Sample Questions

Key Terms: Compounds, Elements, Molecular Formulae, Symbols, Cation, Anion, Chemical Combination

Writing a Chemical Formula

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To write the formula for an ionic compound, the charges over the anionic and the cationic parts are crossed over in subscript. Such as on combining, H⁺ and PO^3-, the charges are crossed over to form H₃PO₄.

H3PO4

H₃PO₄

Example: In the formation of Lithium oxide, a Lithium ion with +1 charge is crossed over -2 charges on an oxygen atom to form Li₂O.

Li2O

Li₂O

Example: Sodium is a metal and its symbol Na is derived from its Latin name Natrium. Hydrogen is an element which has an elemental symbol H which is derived from its English name itself.

H2O

H₂O

Example: Chemical formula of water is H₂O that implies that water is a compound which is formed by the combination of 2 elements of H and 1 element of O. Likewise, Sulphuric acid’s chemical formula is H₂SO₄ that implies that in this compound, the relative proportion of H, S and O are 2:1:4.

H2SO4

H₂SO₄

List of Chemical Formulae

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S. No.	Compound name	Chemical Formula
1	Hydrochloric acid	HCl
2	Acetic acid	CH₃COOH
3	Sulfuric acid	H₂SO₄
4	Ammonia	NH₃
5	Acetate	CH₃COO^–
6	Phosphoric acid	H₃PO⁴
7	Nitric acid	HNO₃
8	Sodium phosphate	Na₃PO₂
9	Calcium carbonate	CaCO₃
10	Ammonium sulphate	(NH₄)₂SO₄
11	Carbonic acid	H₂CO₃
12	Sodium bicarbonate	NaHCO₃
13	Sodium hydroxide	NaOH
14	Calcium hydroxide	Ca(OH)₂
15	Ethanol	C₂H₅OH
16	Hydrobromic acid	HBr
17	Nitrous acid	HNO₂
18	Potassium hydroxide	KOH
19	Silver nitrate	AgNO₃
20	Sodium carbonate	Na₂CO₃
21	Sodium chloride	NaCl
22	Cellulose	(C₆H₁₀O₅)n
23	Magnesium hydroxide	Mg(OH)₂
24	Methane	CH₄
25	Nitrogen dioxide	NO₂
26	Sodium nitrate	NaNO₃
27	Sulphurous acid	H₂SO₃
28	Aluminium sulphate	Al₂(SO₄)₃
29	Aluminium oxide	Al₂O₃
30	Ammonium nitrate	NH₄NO₃
31	Ammonium phosphate	(NH4)₃PO₄
32	Barium hydroxide	Ba(OH)₂
33	Carbon tetrachloride	CCl₄
34	Citric acid	C₆H₈O₇
35	Hydrocyanic acid	HCN
36	Salicylic Acid	C₇H₆O₃
37	Hydroiodic acid	HI
38	Hypochlorous acid	HClO
39	Iron iii oxide	Fe₂O₃
40	Magnesium phosphate	Mg₃(PO₄)₂
41	Sodium acetate	C₂H₃NaO₂
42	Sodium sulphate	Na₂SO₄
43	Sucrose	C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
44	Potassium nitrate	KNO₃
45	Ammonium bicarbonate	NH₄HCO₃
46	Ammonium chloride	NH₄Cl
47	Ammonium hydroxide	NH₄OH
48	Calcium nitrate	Ca(NO₃)₂
49	Calcium oxide	CaO
50	Carbon monoxide	CO
51	Chlorine gas	Cl₂
53	Phenol	C₆H₆O
54	Hydrogen peroxide	H₂O₂
55	Hydroxide	OH^–
56	Magnesium chloride	MgCl₂
57	Potassium chloride	KCl
58	Potassium iodide	KI
59	Sulphur dioxide	SO₂
60	Glycerin	C₃H8O₃
61	Barium nitrate	Ba(NO₃)₂
62	Calcium acetate	C₄H₆O₄Ca
63	Iron oxide	Fe₂O₃
64	Potassium carbonate	K₂CO₃
65	Silver chloride	AgCl
66	Sodium iodide	NaI
67	Sodium oxide	Na₂O
68	Sodium sulphide	Na₂S
69	Zinc nitrate	Zn(NO₃)₂
70	Phenolphthalein	C₂₀H₁₄O₄
71	Magnesium nitrate	Mg(NO₃)₂
72	Silicon dioxide	SiO₂
73	Acetone	C₃H₆O
74	Hydroquinone	C₆H₆O₂
75	Pyridine	C₅H₅N
76	Ammonium acetate	C₂H₃O₂NH₄
77	Xylene	C₈H₁₀
78	Barium sulphate	BaSO₄
79	Benzene	C₆H₆
80	Bicarbonate	CHO₃^–
81	Chromate	CrO₄^2-
82	Methyl Ethyl Ketone	C₄H₈O
83	Cyanide	CN⁻
84	Trichloroacetic acid	C₂HCl₃O₂
85	Magnesium sulphate	MgSO₄
86	Methanol	CH₃OH
87	Oxygen	O
88	Methylene blue	C₁₆H₁₈ClN₃S
89	Sodium sulfite	Na₂SO₃
90	Sulphur trioxide	SO₃
91	Aluminium phosphate	AlPO₄
92	Stearic acid	C₁₈H₃₆O₂
93	Dinitrogen monoxide	N₂O
94	Titanium dioxide	TiO₂
95	Acetonitrile	C₂H₃N
96	Oxalic acid	H₂C₂O4
97	Potassium dichromate	K₂Cr₂O7
98	Sodium bromide	NaBr
99	Sodium hypochlorite	NaClO
100	Zinc acetate	Zn(CH₃COO)₂(H₂O)₂

Things to Remember

Compounds are the chemical combination of two or more elements.
A chemical formula is an expression which represents the element along with its relative proportion in the compound.
To write the chemical formula for an ionic compound, the charges over the anion and the cation parts are crossed over.
Mostly, the names of the elements are derived from English whereas their symbols are derived either from their English names or Latin names used for the elements.

Read More:

VSEPR Theory	Ionic Bond (Electrovalent Bond)	Organic Compounds
Combined Gas Law	Critical temperature	Carbon and Its Compounds

Sample Questions:

Ques. What is the chemical composition of Sodium bromide? (2 Marks)

Ans. It has 1 element of Sodium and 1 element of Bromine. Hence, on chemical combination of both these elements, only one of each of both is required, so its Chemical formula is NaBr.

Ques. What is the chemical composition of Calcium phosphide? (2 Marks)

Ans. It has 3 elements of Calcium and 2 elements of Phosphorus. Hence, on chemical combination of both these elements, 3 elements of Ca and 2 elements of P are required, so its chemical is Ca₃P₂.

Ques. What is the chemical composition of Titanium tetrachloride? (2 Marks)

Ans. It has 1 element of Titanium and 4 elements of Chlorine. Hence, on chemical combination of both these elements, 1 element of Ti and 4 elements of Cl are required, so its chemical formula is TiCl₄.

Ques. A is an Element from the 8th Group of the periodic table which shows Variable Valency. Name the Substance A and write its Formula when it Forms a Reddish-Brown Oxide. (3 Marks)

Ans. ‘A’ shows variable valency and forms a reddish-brown oxide; it has to be Fe (Iron) which is a metal of the 8th Group of the periodic table. Thus ‘A’ is Iron.

Now, the oxide which is reddish-brown in colour is ferric oxide.

Valencies of elements and radicals: Fe = 3, O = -2

Hence, the formula of ferric oxide is Fe₂O₃

Ques. What is the chemical composition of Dinitrogen trioxide? (2 Marks)

Ans. It has 2 elements of Nitrogen and 3 elements of Oxygen. Hence, on chemical combination of both these elements, 2 elements of N and 3 elements are required, so its chemical formula is N₂O₃.

Ques. What is the chemical composition of Ammonium sulphate? (2 Marks)

Ans. It has 2 elements of Ammonia, 1 element of Sulphate (1 element of Sulphur and 4 elements of Oxygen). Hence, on chemical combination of both these elements, only one of each of both is required; its chemical formula is (NH₄)₂SO₄.

Ques. What is the chemical composition of Iron (II) chloride? (2 Marks)

Ans. It has 1 element of Iron and 2 elements of Chlorine. Hence, on chemical combination of both these elements, 1 element of Fe and 2 elements of Cl are required, so its chemical formula is FeCl₂.

Ques. What is the chemical composition of copper(II) hydroxide? (2 Marks)

Ans. It has 1 element of Copper and 2 elements of Hydroxide (1 element each of Oxygen and Hydrogen). Hence, on the chemical combination of both these elements, 1 element of Cu and 2 elements of (OH) are required, so its chemical formula is Cu(OH)₂.

Ques. What is the chemical composition of calcium hydroxide? (2 Marks)

Ans. It has 1 element of Calcium and 2 elements of Hydroxide (1 element each of Oxygen and Hydrogen). Hence, on chemical combination of both these elements, 1 element of Ca and 2 elements of (OH) are required, so its chemical formula is Ca(OH)₂.

Read More:

Born-Haber Cycle	Oxidizing Agent
Reducing Agent (Reductant)	Hydrides

Chemical Compound Formulas: Common Compounds, Formula Chart

Writing a Chemical Formula

List of Chemical Formulae

Things to Remember

Sample Questions:

CBSE X Related Questions

1.
Assertion (A): Reflex actions do not involve thinking.
Reason (R): Most reflex actions are controlled by the spinal cord.

2.
The reasons for excessive generation of wastes are:
(i) Use and throw policy.
(ii) Increased availability of packaged food.
(iii) Increased construction wastes.
(iv) Non-sorting of dry and wet wastes

3.
Which structure in a leaf is mainly responsible for gaseous exchange?

4.
Rays from the sun converge at a point 25 cm behind a convex lens. The distance at which an object be placed in front of the lens to get a virtual image, is:

5.
Draw a neat diagram to show germination of pollen on the female reproductive part of the flower. Name and label only the following parts:
(a) The part that receives the pollen grain.
(b) The structure that carries the male germ cell to reach the female germ cell.

6.
State two differences between the act of chewing food and salivation on sight of food.

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Chemical Compound Formulas: Common Compounds, Formula Chart

Writing a Chemical Formula

List of Chemical Formulae

Things to Remember

Sample Questions:

CBSE X Related Questions

1.Assertion (A): Reflex actions do not involve thinking. Reason (R): Most reflex actions are controlled by the spinal cord.

2.The reasons for excessive generation of wastes are: (i) Use and throw policy. (ii) Increased availability of packaged food. (iii) Increased construction wastes. (iv) Non-sorting of dry and wet wastes

3.Which structure in a leaf is mainly responsible for gaseous exchange?

4.Rays from the sun converge at a point 25 cm behind a convex lens. The distance at which an object be placed in front of the lens to get a virtual image, is:

5.Draw a neat diagram to show germination of pollen on the female reproductive part of the flower. Name and label only the following parts: (a) The part that receives the pollen grain. (b) The structure that carries the male germ cell to reach the female germ cell.

6.State two differences between the act of chewing food and salivation on sight of food.

Comments

SUBSCRIBE TO OUR NEWS LETTER

1.
Assertion (A): Reflex actions do not involve thinking.
Reason (R): Most reflex actions are controlled by the spinal cord.

2.
The reasons for excessive generation of wastes are:
(i) Use and throw policy.
(ii) Increased availability of packaged food.
(iii) Increased construction wastes.
(iv) Non-sorting of dry and wet wastes

3.
Which structure in a leaf is mainly responsible for gaseous exchange?

4.
Rays from the sun converge at a point 25 cm behind a convex lens. The distance at which an object be placed in front of the lens to get a virtual image, is:

5.
Draw a neat diagram to show germination of pollen on the female reproductive part of the flower. Name and label only the following parts:
(a) The part that receives the pollen grain.
(b) The structure that carries the male germ cell to reach the female germ cell.

6.
State two differences between the act of chewing food and salivation on sight of food.