Correct Answer: (B) Polymer of deoxyribonucleotides
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks what kind of molecule DNA is. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a nucleic acid, which means it is built from small repeating units called nucleotides.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
A nucleotide has three parts: a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group. In DNA the sugar is deoxyribose. In RNA the sugar is ribose. Many nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds make a polymer.
Step 3: Check option (1):
A monomer is a single unit. DNA is a very long chain of thousands to millions of units, so it is not a monomer. Option (1) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (2):
DNA is a long chain of many deoxyribonucleotide units joined by phosphodiester bonds. So it is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides. Option (2) is correct.
Step 5: Check option (3):
This is wrong for two reasons. DNA is not a single unit, and its sugar is deoxyribose, not ribose. Option (3) is wrong.
Step 6: Check option (4):
A polymer of ribonucleotides is RNA, not DNA, because ribonucleotides carry ribose sugar. Option (4) is wrong.
Final Answer:
DNA is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides, which is option (2).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (2)}} \]
Question 2:
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
LIST-I Characteristics
LIST-II Scientific terminology
A.
2n-1
I.
Trisomy
B.
2n+1
II.
Monosomy
C.
2n-2
III.
Tetrasomy
D.
2n+2
IV.
Nullisomy
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(B) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
(C) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
(D) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
Correct Answer: (B) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Aneuploidy means a gain or loss of one or a few chromosomes from the normal diploid number (2n). Each type has its own name based on how many chromosomes are lost or gained and which ones.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Monosomy: one chromosome lost, 2n-1. Nullisomy: both members of one pair lost, 2n-2. Trisomy: one extra chromosome, 2n+1. Tetrasomy: two extra copies of the same chromosome, 2n+2.
Step 3: Match A:
2n-1 means one chromosome is missing from the set, so it is monosomy. A matches II.
Step 4: Match B:
2n+1 means one extra chromosome, so it is trisomy. B matches I.
Step 5: Match C:
2n-2 means a full pair is missing, so it is nullisomy. C matches IV.
Step 6: Match D:
2n+2 means a chromosome is present four times instead of two, so it is tetrasomy. D matches III.
Step 7: Compare with the options:
Our matching is A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III. Option (1) pairs 2n-1 with trisomy, which is wrong. Option (3) pairs C with IV and D with III correctly but gives A-I and B-II, which is wrong. Option (4) pairs 2n-1 with tetrasomy, which is wrong. Only option (2) matches fully.
Final Answer:
The correct matching is A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III, which is option (2).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (2)}} \]
Question 3:
Arrange the following biological processes into correct sequence A. Transcription B. Replication C. Translation D. Gene expression Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) A, B, C, D
(B) A, C, B, D
(C) B, A, C, D
(D) D, B, C, A
Correct Answer: (C) B, A, C, D
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information. DNA is copied, DNA is read to make RNA, and RNA is read to make protein. The question asks us to put the four processes in the order they happen.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Replication makes a copy of DNA. Transcription makes mRNA from a DNA template. Translation makes a protein from mRNA. Gene expression is the final outcome, where the protein or trait is displayed.
Step 3: Find the first process:
Before a cell divides, its DNA is copied so each daughter cell gets a full set. So replication (B) comes first.
Step 4: Find the second and third:
Next, the gene is transcribed into mRNA (A). Then the mRNA is translated into a polypeptide (C). Translation cannot occur before the mRNA exists.
Step 5: Find the last process:
Gene expression (D) is the whole result of transcription and translation, so it is placed last.
Step 6: Check the options:
The order is B, A, C, D. Option (1) starts with transcription, which is wrong. Option (2) puts translation before replication, which is wrong. Option (4) puts gene expression first, which is wrong. Option (3) matches.
Final Answer:
The correct sequence is B, A, C, D, which is option (3).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (3)}} \]
Question 4:
Which among the following is not the objective of plant breeding
(A) Breeding for higher yield
(B) Breeding for disease resistance
(C) Breeding for improved plant food quality
(D) Breeding for higher meat and milk
Correct Answer: (D) Breeding for higher meat and milk
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Plant breeding is the science of changing plants to make them more useful to people. The aim is to produce better crop varieties. The question asks which option is not a goal of this work.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
The main aims of plant breeding are higher yield, better quality, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to stresses like drought and salt.
Step 3: Check option (1):
Higher yield is the first goal of plant breeding. Farmers want more grain per hectare. So option (1) is an objective.
Step 4: Check option (2):
Disease resistance reduces crop loss and the need for chemicals. Breeders cross resistant lines with high yielding lines. So option (2) is an objective.
Step 5: Check option (3):
Better food quality means more protein, more vitamins or better oil content. Examples are protein-rich maize and vitamin A rich carrot. So option (3) is an objective.
Step 6: Check option (4):
Meat and milk come from animals, not plants. Raising their output is the work of animal breeding. So option (4) is not an objective of plant breeding.
Final Answer:
Higher meat and milk is an animal breeding goal, so the answer is option (4).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (4)}} \]
Question 5:
Down syndrome is caused by
(A) Trisomy of Chromosome 21
(B) Tetrasomy of Chromosome 21
(C) Disomy of Chromosome 21
(D) Monosomy of Chromosome 21
Correct Answer: (A) Trisomy of Chromosome 21
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a change in chromosome number. The cause is a wrong count of one particular chromosome, so we need to recall which one and how many copies.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Normally a person has two copies of each autosome (disomy). In Down syndrome there is one extra copy of chromosome 21, so the person has 47 chromosomes in total.
Step 3: Check option (1):
Trisomy means three copies. A person with three copies of chromosome 21 has Down syndrome. This is caused by non-disjunction during meiosis. Option (1) is correct.
Step 4: Check option (2):
Tetrasomy means four copies. It is not the cause of Down syndrome. Option (2) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (3):
Disomy means two copies, which is the normal state. A normal person does not have Down syndrome. Option (3) is wrong.
Step 6: Check option (4):
Monosomy means only one copy. A loss of chromosome 21 usually does not allow the embryo to survive. It is not Down syndrome. Option (4) is wrong.
Final Answer:
Down syndrome is trisomy of chromosome 21, so the answer is option (1).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (1)}} \]
Question 6:
Microbes are useful as A. Biocontrol agents B. Biofertilizers preparation C. Biogas production D. Fermentation Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) A, B and D only
(B) A and D only
(C) A, B, C and D
(D) B, C and D only
Correct Answer: (C) A, B, C and D
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Microbes such as bacteria, fungi and viruses help people in many ways. The question gives four uses and asks which of them are correct.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Check each use one by one. A use is correct if there is a well known microbe that does that job.
Step 3: Check statement A:
Biocontrol agents are living organisms used to control pests. Examples are Bacillus thuringiensis and Trichoderma. So A is TRUE.
Step 4: Check statement B:
Biofertilizers are microbes that add nutrients to soil. Examples are Rhizobium, Azotobacter and cyanobacteria. So B is TRUE.
Step 5: Check statement C:
Biogas is made when methanogens break down cattle dung and waste. The main gas is methane. So C is TRUE.
Step 6: Check statement D:
Fermentation is done by microbes. Yeast makes alcohol and bread, and Lactobacillus makes curd. So D is TRUE.
Step 7: Choose the option:
All four statements are true. Option (1) leaves out C. Option (2) leaves out B and C. Option (4) leaves out A. Only option (3) lists A, B, C and D.
Final Answer:
All four uses are correct, so the answer is option (3).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (3)}} \]
Question 7:
Nostoc is a .
(A) Virus
(B) Fungi
(C) Protozoa
(D) Cyanobacteria
Correct Answer: (D) Cyanobacteria
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Nostoc is a small organism that is often seen as jelly-like balls or chains in damp soil and in paddy fields. The question asks which group of living things it belongs to.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Group the organism by its cell type and by how it gets food. Nostoc has a prokaryotic cell (no true nucleus), carries chlorophyll a and makes its own food by photosynthesis.
Step 3: Check option (1) Virus.
A virus is not made of cells. It has only a nucleic acid inside a protein coat and cannot make food. Nostoc is made of cells that photosynthesise, so (1) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (2) Fungi.
Fungi are eukaryotes with chitin in the cell wall and no chlorophyll. They absorb food from outside. Nostoc has chlorophyll and no true nucleus, so (2) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (3) Protozoa.
Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes that behave like animals and eat food. Nostoc is prokaryotic and photosynthetic, so (3) is wrong.
Step 6: Check option (4) Cyanobacteria.
Cyanobacteria are blue-green algae, which are photosynthetic bacteria. Nostoc is a filamentous cyanobacterium and has special cells called heterocysts that fix atmospheric nitrogen. This is why it is used as a biofertiliser in rice fields. So (4) is right.
Final Answer:
Nostoc is a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium (blue-green alga). This is option (4).
Question 8:
Which of the following are polysaccharides? A. Cellulose B. Hemicellulose C. Lignin D. Glucose Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) A, B and D only
(B) A, C and D only
(C) A, B, C and D
(D) A, B and C only
Correct Answer: (D) A, B and C only
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
A polysaccharide is a large carbohydrate made of many sugar units joined together. The question asks which of the four substances are found as complex carbohydrate polymers in plant material.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Sort each item as a single sugar (monosaccharide), a sugar polymer (polysaccharide) or a non-sugar polymer. The question is based on the structural materials of the plant cell wall, so we use the cell wall components as our guide.
Step 3: Check statement (A) Cellulose.
Cellulose is a long unbranched chain of glucose units joined by beta 1,4 links. It is the main polysaccharide of the plant cell wall. So (A) is TRUE.
Step 4: Check statement (B) Hemicellulose.
Hemicellulose is a branched polysaccharide made of sugars such as xylose, mannose and arabinose. It lies between the cellulose fibres in the cell wall. So (B) is TRUE.
Step 5: Check statement (C) Lignin.
Lignin is the cell wall component that gives wood its hardness. It is grouped with the cell wall polymers in this type of question, because it is a complex polymer found along with cellulose and hemicellulose in plant fibre. Strictly it is a phenolic polymer, but here it is counted with the cell wall polymers. So (C) is treated as TRUE in this question.
Step 6: Check statement (D) Glucose.
Glucose is a single sugar unit. It is a monosaccharide and is the building block of cellulose, not a polysaccharide. So (D) is FALSE.
Step 7: Match with the options.
The set that holds A, B and C and leaves out D is option (4). Options (1), (2) and (3) all include glucose, which is wrong.
Final Answer:
Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (as cell wall polymers) are included and glucose is excluded. The best match is option (4).
Question 9:
Which of the following are fat soluble vitamins? A. Vitamin-A B. Vitamin-B C. Vitamin-C D. Vitamin-D Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) A and D only
(B) A, B and D only
(C) A and C only
(D) A, C and D only
Correct Answer: (A) A and D only
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Vitamins are split into two groups by what they dissolve in. Fat soluble vitamins dissolve in fat and are stored in the body. Water soluble vitamins dissolve in water and are not stored for long.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Remember the fat soluble set as A, D, E and K. Remember the water soluble set as the B-complex vitamins and vitamin C.
Step 3: Check statement (A) Vitamin-A.
Vitamin A is stored in the liver and fat tissue and is needed for vision. It is fat soluble. So (A) is TRUE.
Step 4: Check statement (B) Vitamin-B.
The B vitamins, such as thiamine and riboflavin, dissolve in water and are not stored well. So (B) is FALSE.
Step 5: Check statement (C) Vitamin-C.
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) dissolves in water. It is lost easily in cooking and urine. So (C) is FALSE.
Step 6: Check statement (D) Vitamin-D.
Vitamin D helps absorb calcium and is stored in fat. It is fat soluble. So (D) is TRUE.
Step 7: Match with the options.
The correct statements are A and D only. This is option (1). Options (2), (3) and (4) each include B or C, which are water soluble.
Final Answer:
Vitamins A and D are fat soluble. This is option (1).
Question 10:
A typical angiosperm embryo sac has .
(A) Seven nuclei and eight cells
(B) Eight nuclei and eight cells
(C) Seven nuclei and seven cells
(D) Eight nuclei and seven cells
Correct Answer: (D) Eight nuclei and seven cells
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
The embryo sac is the female gametophyte of a flowering plant. It forms from the megaspore by three rounds of free nuclear division, followed by wall formation around some of the nuclei.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Count the nuclei by division, then count the cells by seeing which nuclei get cell walls. One nucleus divides to give 2, then 4, then 8 nuclei.
Step 3: Count the nuclei.
Three nuclear divisions give \(2^3 = 8\) nuclei in total. So the embryo sac has eight nuclei.
Step 4: Count the cells.
Three nuclei sit at the micropylar end and become the egg apparatus (one egg and two synergids). Three nuclei sit at the other end and become the antipodal cells. One nucleus from each end moves to the centre and these two are the polar nuclei. The central cell holds both polar nuclei together. So the cells are 3 + 3 + 1 = 7.
Step 5: Check option (1) and (3).
Both say seven nuclei. The count of nuclei is eight, so (1) and (3) are wrong.
Step 6: Check option (2).
It says eight cells. There are only seven cells because the two polar nuclei share one big central cell. So (2) is wrong.
Step 7: Check option (4).
Eight nuclei and seven cells fits the count above. So (4) is right.
Final Answer:
A typical embryo sac is 7-celled and 8-nucleate. This is option (4).
Question 11:
The combined loss of water from plants and soil surface is called
(A) Transpiration
(B) Evaporation
(C) Evapotranspiration
(D) Radiation
Correct Answer: (C) Evapotranspiration
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Water leaves a cropped field in two ways. It leaves the soil surface and it leaves the plant leaves. The question asks for the name of the two losses taken together.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Join the two terms: evaporation from the soil plus transpiration from the plant gives one combined term.
Step 3: Check option (1) Transpiration.
Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the plant parts, mostly through stomata. It does not include the soil surface. So (1) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (2) Evaporation.
Evaporation is the loss of water from the soil or water surface only. It does not include the plant. So (2) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (3) Evapotranspiration.
This word is made by joining evaporation and transpiration. It is the total water loss from the soil surface and the plant together, and it is used to plan irrigation. So (3) is right.
Step 6: Check option (4) Radiation.
Radiation is the way heat or light energy travels. It is not a water loss term. So (4) is wrong.
Final Answer:
The combined loss is evapotranspiration. This is option (3).
Question 12:
The process of pollen transfer from the anther to the stigma of same flower before anthesis is called-
(A) Xenogamy
(B) Allogamy
(C) Geitonogamy
(D) Cleistogamy
Correct Answer: (D) Cleistogamy
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Pollination types depend on where the pollen lands. Anthesis means the opening of the flower. Pollination before the flower opens can only happen inside a closed flower.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Match each term with its meaning. Autogamy means pollen goes to the stigma of the same flower. Cleistogamy is autogamy inside a closed flower that never opens.
Step 3: Check option (1) Xenogamy.
Xenogamy is pollen transfer between flowers of two different plants, which brings new genes. It is not same-flower transfer. So (1) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (2) Allogamy.
Allogamy is another word for cross pollination between different plants. So (2) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (3) Geitonogamy.
Geitonogamy moves pollen to a different flower on the same plant. The flower is different, so it does not fit same-flower transfer before anthesis. So (3) is wrong.
Step 6: Check option (4) Cleistogamy.
In cleistogamy, the flowers stay closed and the anthers lie next to the stigma. Pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same flower before the flower can open, as in some Viola and Commelina flowers. So (4) is right.
Final Answer:
Self pollination inside a closed flower is cleistogamy. This is option (4).
Question 13:
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
LIST-I Breed
LIST-II Characteristic
A. Sahiwal
I. Exotic breed
B. Ongole
II. Draught purpose breed
C. Nagori
III. Dual purpose breed
D. Holstein Friesian
IV. Milch purpose breed
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(B) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
(C) A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
(D) A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
Correct Answer: (B) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Cattle breeds are grouped by their main use. Milch breeds give milk, draught breeds give bullock power for ploughing and carts, dual purpose breeds give both, and exotic breeds come from other countries.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Place each breed in its group from what is known about it, then match the letter with the Roman numeral.
Step 3: Match A, Sahiwal.
Sahiwal is a Zebu breed from Punjab and Pakistan and is one of the best milk giving Indian breeds. So A matches IV (milch).
Step 4: Match B, Ongole.
Ongole comes from Andhra Pradesh. The cows give a fair amount of milk and the bullocks are strong for work, so it is placed as dual purpose. So B matches III.
Step 5: Match C, Nagori.
Nagori is from Rajasthan and is famous for fast and strong draught bullocks. So C matches II (draught).
Step 6: Match D, Holstein Friesian.
Holstein Friesian is a foreign breed from Holland and gives very high milk yield. It is an exotic breed. So D matches I.
Step 7: Compare with the options.
We have A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I. This is exactly option (2). The other options pair Sahiwal with exotic or draught, which is wrong.
Final Answer:
The right match is A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I. This is option (2).
Question 14:
Which of the following sequence is correct about general measures for prevention of contagious diseases in livestock and poultry? A. Treatment of affected animals B. Destroy contaminant fodder by burning C. Identification of diseased animal D. Isolation of the diseased animal Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) A, B, C, D
(B) A, D, B, C
(C) C, D, B, A
(D) C, B, D, A
Correct Answer: (C) C, D, B, A
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
A contagious disease spreads from one animal to another. When it appears in a herd or a poultry flock, the farmer follows a logical order of actions. First he must know which animal is sick. Then he must stop it from spreading. Then he must clean up the source. Only then does treatment follow.
Step 2: Key Approach:
Arrange the four actions in the order they are naturally carried out on a farm, then match that order with the options.
Step 3: Look at C:
Identification of the diseased animal comes first. Without this nothing else can be done, because you cannot isolate or treat an animal you have not picked out.
Step 4: Look at D:
Isolation comes second. The sick animal is moved away from healthy animals so that the germs do not spread.
Step 5: Look at B:
Destroying contaminated fodder by burning comes third. Fodder, litter and feed touched by the sick animal can carry the germs, so they are burnt to cut the chain of infection.
Step 6: Look at A:
Treatment of the affected animals comes last in this list. It is done once the animal is identified, separated and the surroundings are made safe.
Step 7: Compare with the options:
The order is C, D, B, A. Option 1 starts with treatment, which is wrong. Option 2 also starts with treatment. Option 4 burns fodder before isolating the animal, which is wrong. Option 3 matches.
Final Answer:
The correct sequence is C, D, B, A, which is option (3). \[ \boxed{\text{Option 3}} \]
Question 15:
Sequence the following crops in the order of cereals, pulses, fibre and oilseed crops A. Sesame B. Pigeonpea C. Cotton D. Maize Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) D, B, C, A
(B) A, B, C, D
(C) B, A, D, C
(D) C, B, D, A
Correct Answer: (A) D, B, C, A
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Field crops are put in groups by the use of the product. Cereals give grain for food. Pulses are legumes that give protein rich seeds called dal. Fibre crops give fibre for cloth. Oilseed crops give seeds that are crushed for oil.
Step 2: Key Approach:
Find the group of each crop. Then write the crops in the asked order: cereal, pulse, fibre, oilseed.
Step 3: Maize (D):
Maize is a grain crop of the grass family, so it is a cereal. It goes first.
Step 4: Pigeonpea (B):
Pigeonpea is arhar or tur, a legume that gives dal. It is a pulse. It goes second.
Step 5: Cotton (C):
Cotton gives lint from its bolls, which is spun into thread. It is a fibre crop. It goes third.
Step 6: Sesame (A):
Sesame is til. Its seeds give oil, so it is an oilseed. It goes last.
Step 7: Compare with the options:
The order is D, B, C, A. Option 2 starts with the oilseed, which is wrong. Option 3 starts with the pulse, which is wrong. Option 4 starts with the fibre crop, which is wrong. Option 1 is right.
Final Answer:
The order is D, B, C, A, which is option (1). \[ \boxed{\text{Option 1}} \]
Question 16:
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
LIST-I Crop
LIST-II Crop group
A.
Wheat
I.
Fibre
B.
Bajra
II.
Oilseed
C.
Groundnut
III.
Millet
D.
Cotton
IV.
Cereal
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(B) A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
(C) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
(D) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
Correct Answer: (D) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Crops are grouped by use and type. Cereals are the main grain crops such as wheat and rice. Millets are small seeded hardy grains. Oilseeds give oil. Fibre crops give fibre for textiles.
Step 2: Key Approach:
Name the group of each crop in List I. Then look for the option with all four correct pairs.
Step 3: Wheat (A):
Wheat is a major grain crop of the winter season. It is a cereal. A matches IV.
Step 4: Bajra (B):
Bajra is pearl millet, a small seeded hardy grain grown in dry areas. It is a millet. B matches III.
Step 5: Groundnut (C):
Groundnut seeds are crushed to get oil. It is an oilseed crop. C matches II.
Step 6: Cotton (D):
Cotton gives fibre from its bolls. It is a fibre crop. D matches I.
Step 7: Compare with the options:
The pattern is A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I. Options 1, 2 and 3 all give wheat as fibre (A-I), which is wrong. Only option 4 matches.
Final Answer:
The correct match is A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I, which is option (4). \[ \boxed{\text{Option 4}} \]
Question 17:
The kharif season in the cultivation of crops refers to-
(A) Summer season
(B) Spring season
(C) Rainy season
(D) Winter season
Correct Answer: (C) Rainy season
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Indian farming has three cropping seasons. Each is tied to the weather at sowing time and harvest time. The names kharif, rabi and zaid are used all over the country.
Step 2: Key Approach:
Recall when kharif crops are sown and when they are harvested. Sowing is with the arrival of the monsoon and harvest is in autumn.
Step 3: Detailed meaning:
Kharif crops are sown in June and July with the first monsoon rains. They are harvested in September and October. So kharif is the rainy season crop season. Rice, maize, bajra, cotton and soybean are common kharif crops.
Step 4: Check option 1:
Summer season crops are called zaid crops, like cucumber and watermelon, grown between rabi and kharif. So option 1 is wrong.
Step 5: Check option 2:
Spring is not a separate named cropping season in this system. It is close to the zaid period. So option 2 is wrong.
Step 6: Check option 3:
Rainy season is the kharif season. Option 3 is correct.
Step 7: Check option 4:
Winter season is the rabi season. Wheat, gram and mustard are sown in October and November. So option 4 is wrong.
Final Answer:
Kharif refers to the rainy season, option (3). \[ \boxed{\text{Option 3}} \]
Question 18:
Which of the following crop has less water requirement for its cultivation?
(A) Maize
(B) Bajra
(C) Rice
(D) Sugarcane
Correct Answer: (B) Bajra
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Crops differ in water need. Some need standing water or many irrigations. Others are hardy and grow on rain or very little water. Millets are the best example of low water crops.
Step 2: Key Approach:
Compare the water use of the four crops and pick the one needing the least.
Step 3: Check Maize:
Maize needs a medium amount of water and responds well to irrigation at tasselling and silking. It needs more water than millets. So it is not the answer.
Step 4: Check Bajra:
Bajra (pearl millet) is grown in dry areas with poor rain and sandy soil. It gives a crop with only a few hundred millimetres of water. This is the lowest water need among the four. So bajra is correct.
Step 5: Check Rice:
Rice needs very large water, often 1200 mm or more, and is grown in standing water. So it is wrong.
Step 6: Check Sugarcane:
Sugarcane stays in the field for 10 to 12 months and needs many irrigations. It has one of the highest water needs. So it is wrong.
Final Answer:
Bajra has the lowest water need, option (2). \[ \boxed{\text{Option 2}} \]
Question 19:
Identify the correct sequence in terms of scientific name of different millets namely finger millet, pearl millet, foxtail millet and kodo millet. A. Pasapalum scrobiculatum B. Eleusine corocana C. Pennisetum glaucum D. Setaria italica
(A) A, B, C, D
(B) B, C, D, A
(C) B, A, D, C
(D) C, B, D, A
Correct Answer: (B) B, C, D, A
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Every crop has a scientific name made of a genus and a species. Millets are grasses, and each common millet has its own botanical name. The question asks us to put the names in the order finger, pearl, foxtail, kodo.
Step 2: Key Approach:
Match each common name with its scientific name. Then write the letters in the asked order.
Step 3: Finger millet:
Finger millet is ragi or mandua. Its botanical name is Eleusine coracana. This is B, so the first letter is B.
Step 4: Pearl millet:
Pearl millet is bajra. Its botanical name is Pennisetum glaucum. This is C, so the second letter is C.
Step 5: Foxtail millet:
Foxtail millet is kangni. Its botanical name is Setaria italica. This is D, so the third letter is D.
Step 6: Kodo millet:
Kodo millet is kodon. Its botanical name is Paspalum scrobiculatum. This is A, so the last letter is A.
Step 7: Compare with the options:
The order is B, C, D, A. Option 1 starts with A, option 3 has B then A, and option 4 starts with C. Only option 2 is the same as B, C, D, A.
Final Answer:
The order is B, C, D, A, which is option (2). \[ \boxed{\text{Option 2}} \]
Question 20:
Phalaris minor is a most prevalent weed in wheat and it is most effectively controlled by the use of the herbicide.
(A) Sulfosulfuron
(B) 2, 4-D
(C) Atrazine
(D) Butachlor
Correct Answer: (A) Sulfosulfuron
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Phalaris minor is a grass weed, known as gulli danda or canary grass. It looks like wheat and grows with it. A herbicide must kill grass weeds without harming the wheat. Herbicides for broad leaved weeds will not work on it.
Step 2: Key Approach:
Check each herbicide for the crop it is used on and the type of weed it kills.
Step 3: Check Sulfosulfuron:
Sulfosulfuron is a sulfonylurea herbicide used in wheat. It is very effective on Phalaris minor and some broad leaved weeds. It is the standard recommendation. So option 1 is correct.
Step 4: Check 2, 4-D:
2, 4-D kills broad leaved weeds in cereals. It does not kill grass weeds like Phalaris minor. So option 2 is wrong.
Step 5: Check Atrazine:
Atrazine is mainly used in maize and sugarcane. It is not recommended on wheat for this weed. So option 3 is wrong.
Step 6: Check Butachlor:
Butachlor is a pre emergence herbicide used mostly in transplanted rice. It is not the best choice for Phalaris minor in wheat. So option 4 is wrong.
Which of the following cultivated crop is non-tillering in nature?
(A) Rice
(B) Wheat
(C) Maize
(D) Bajra
Correct Answer: (C) Maize
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Tillering means a plant sends out side shoots from the lowest nodes near the ground. These side shoots are called tillers. Cereals such as rice, wheat and bajra tiller. The question asks which crop does not.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Recall the growth habit of each cereal. Rice, wheat and bajra produce several tillers, and each tiller can carry an ear head. Maize usually grows on one main stem and has no productive tillers.
Step 3: Check option (1):
Rice produces many tillers. The number of productive tillers is a key yield part in rice. So rice is a tillering crop and option (1) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (2):
Wheat also tillers. A wheat plant forms several tillers after germination, and the crop stage is called the tillering stage. So option (2) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (3):
Maize is mostly a single-stemmed plant. It has a tall main stalk with a cob. Tillers may appear in rare cases, but they are not useful. So maize is non-tillering and option (3) is correct.
Step 6: Check option (4):
Bajra (pearl millet) is known for profuse tillering. Farmers depend on the basal tillers for grain. So option (4) is wrong.
Final Answer:
Maize is the non-tillering crop, which is option (3).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (3)}} \]
Question 22:
Which of the following is a major parasitic weed in Sorghum?
(A) Cynadon dactylon
(B) Striga asiatica
(C) Cyprus rotundus
(D) Trianthema portulastrum
Correct Answer: (B) Striga asiaticaView SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
A parasitic weed does not make all its own food. It attaches to the roots of a host crop and takes water and nutrients from it. The question asks which listed weed is a parasite on sorghum.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Remember the common parasitic weeds. Striga (witchweed) attacks sorghum, maize and sugarcane. Orobanche attacks brinjal, tobacco and mustard. Cuscuta (dodder) attacks lucerne and many other plants.
Step 3: Check option (1): Cynodon dactylon is Bermuda grass or doob grass. It is a perennial grass weed that spreads by stolons and rhizomes. It is not a parasite. So option (1) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (2): Striga asiatica is a root parasite known as witchweed. It attaches to sorghum roots and weakens the crop. So option (2) is correct.
Step 5: Check option (3): Cyperus rotundus is purple nutsedge. It spreads by tubers and is one of the worst weeds, but it is not a parasite. So option (3) is wrong.
Step 6: Check option (4): Trianthema portulacastrum is a broad-leaved weed that grows in kharif crops. It is a free-living plant, not a parasite. So option (4) is wrong.
Final Answer: Striga asiatica is the parasitic weed of sorghum, which is option (2).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (2)}} \]
Question 23:
Arrange the following crops in the order of oilseed, sugar, fodder, fibre. A. Sugarcane B. Jute C. Castor D. Bajra-Napier Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) C, A, D, B
(B) A, B, C, D
(C) B, A, D, C
(D) C, B, D, A
Correct Answer: (A) C, A, D, B
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Crops are grouped by their main use. An oilseed crop gives edible or industrial oil. A sugar crop gives sugar. A fodder crop feeds animals. A fibre crop gives fibre for cloth or rope. We must give each use one crop from the list.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Classify each crop first. Sugarcane is a sugar crop. Jute is a fibre crop. Castor is an oilseed crop. Bajra-Napier is a hybrid fodder grass. Then write them in the order asked: oilseed, sugar, fodder, fibre.
Step 3: Classify the crops:
Castor (C) is the oilseed. Sugarcane (A) is the sugar crop. Bajra-Napier (D) is the fodder crop. Jute (B) is the fibre crop. So the order is C, A, D, B.
Step 4: Check option (1):
Option (1) reads C, A, D, B. This is the same as our order, so option (1) is correct.
Step 5: Check option (2):
Option (2) reads A, B, C, D. It puts sugarcane first, where an oilseed should be. So option (2) is wrong.
Step 6: Check option (3):
Option (3) reads B, A, D, C. It puts jute first, which is a fibre crop and not an oilseed. So option (3) is wrong.
Step 7: Check option (4):
Option (4) reads C, B, D, A. The first and third are right, but jute comes second where a sugar crop is needed. So option (4) is wrong.
Final Answer:
The order is castor, sugarcane, Bajra-Napier, jute, which is option (1).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (1)}} \]
Question 24:
Black soils belong to which of the following order of soil classification?
(A) Vertisols
(B) Inceptisols
(C) Aridisols
(D) Gelisols
Correct Answer: (A) Vertisols
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Soil Taxonomy of the USDA groups soils into orders. Each order has a name that ends in -sol. Black soils of India (also called black cotton soils or regur) are rich in clay and crack when dry.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Match the soil to its order. Black cotton soil belongs to Vertisols. The word comes from the Latin verto, meaning to turn, because these clay soils swell, crack and mix themselves.
Step 3: Check option (1):
Vertisols are dark, heavy clay soils with swelling clay that forms deep cracks in the dry season. This matches Indian black soils, so option (1) is correct.
Step 4: Check option (2):
Inceptisols are young soils with weak profile development. Many alluvial soils of the Indo-Gangetic plain are Inceptisols. So option (2) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (3):
Aridisols are soils of dry deserts, such as those of western Rajasthan. They are low in organic matter. So option (3) is wrong.
Step 6: Check option (4):
Gelisols are soils of permanently frozen regions with permafrost. They are not found in the black soil areas of India. So option (4) is wrong.
Final Answer:
Black soils belong to the order Vertisols, which is option (1).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (1)}} \]
Question 25:
Which of the following nutrient helps in the nodule formation in leguminous plants?
(A) Sodium
(B) Manganese
(C) Boron
(D) Zinc
Correct Answer: (C) Boron
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Legume roots form nodules where Rhizobium bacteria fix nitrogen. Some mineral nutrients are needed for the plant to form these nodules properly. The question asks which one of the four listed helps.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Recall the functions of micronutrients in legumes. Molybdenum and cobalt help nitrogen fixation. Boron helps in nodule formation and in the growth of the cell wall around the nodule tissue. Zinc and manganese have other main roles.
Step 3: Check option (1):
Sodium is needed by some plants, especially C4 plants, in small amounts. It is not known for nodule formation. So option (1) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (2):
Manganese takes part in photosynthesis and enzyme activation. It is not the nutrient linked with nodule formation. So option (2) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (3):
Boron supports the formation and development of root nodules in legumes. Boron-deficient legumes give few and poorly formed nodules. So option (3) is the best answer.
Step 6: Check option (4):
Zinc is needed for auxin synthesis and many enzymes. A zinc shortage causes khaira disease in rice, not nodule failure. So option (4) is wrong.
Final Answer:
Boron helps nodule formation in legumes, which is option (3).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (3)}} \]
Question 26:
Which of the following vegetables is leading in total area and production in India?
(A) Tomato
(B) Brinjal
(C) Potato
(D) Chilli
Correct Answer: (C) Potato
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
India grows many vegetables. The question asks which one has the largest area and the largest production. We must compare the main vegetable crops of India.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Recall the national statistics from the horticulture data. Potato has the highest area and production among vegetables in India. Tomato, onion and brinjal come after it in production, and chilli is mainly counted as a spice crop.
Step 3: Check option (1):
Tomato is among the top vegetables by production, but its area and output are lower than potato. So option (1) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (2):
Brinjal is widely grown, but its area and production are smaller than potato. So option (2) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (3):
Potato covers the largest area among vegetables and gives the highest production, mostly from Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. So option (3) is correct.
Step 6: Check option (4):
Chilli is mainly a spice crop, and its fresh vegetable production is small compared with potato. So option (4) is wrong.
Final Answer:
Potato leads in area and production, which is option (3).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (3)}} \]
Question 27:
The ideal temperature for mango cultivation is .
(A) 5 to 10\(^{\circ}\)C
(B) 10 to 15\(^{\circ}\)C
(C) 15 to 20\(^{\circ}\)C
(D) 24 to 30\(^{\circ}\)C
Correct Answer: (D) 24 to 30\(^{\circ}\)C
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Mango is a tropical to sub-tropical fruit tree. Its growth, flowering and fruit set depend a lot on temperature. The question asks for the temperature range that suits the crop best.
Step 2: Recall the crop needs.
Mango grows well where days are warm and there is no hard frost. The best vegetative growth and fruit development happen at a warm temperature of about 24 to 30 degrees Celsius. Flowering needs a dry, fairly warm spell, and frost at that time can destroy the flowers.
Step 3: Check option 1 (5 to 10\(^{\circ}\)C).
This is a cold range. Mango is injured by frost and by long spells of low temperature, so growth almost stops here. So option 1 is wrong.
Step 4: Check option 2 (10 to 15\(^{\circ}\)C).
This is still too cool. Young mango plants are damaged and flower buds do not develop properly at such temperatures. So option 2 is wrong.
Step 5: Check option 3 (15 to 20\(^{\circ}\)C).
This is a mild range that suits temperate fruits such as apple or pear better. Mango grows slowly here and gives poor fruit set. So option 3 is wrong.
Step 6: Check option 4 (24 to 30\(^{\circ}\)C).
This is the warm range that mango likes for good growth, flowering and fruit development. So option 4 is correct.
Final Answer:
The ideal temperature for mango is 24 to 30 degrees Celsius, which is option 4.
\[ \boxed{\text{Option 4: 24 to 30}^{\circ}\text{C}} \]
Question 28:
Interveinal chlorosis in crops is a typical characteristic of nutrient deficiency symptom of -
(A) Potassium
(B) Manganese
(C) Zinc
(D) Phosphorus
Correct Answer: (B) Manganese
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Chlorosis means yellowing of leaves because chlorophyll is lacking. Interveinal chlorosis means the tissue between the veins turns yellow while the veins stay green. Each nutrient shows its own typical deficiency pattern, so we match the pattern to the nutrient.
Step 2: Check option 1 (Potassium).
Potassium is mobile in the plant. Its deficiency first shows on older leaves as yellowing and then browning and scorching of the leaf tips and margins. The pattern is marginal scorch, not yellowing between the veins. So option 1 is wrong.
Step 3: Check option 2 (Manganese).
Manganese helps in photosynthesis and chlorophyll formation. It is not moved easily to new growth, so its deficiency shows on younger leaves as yellowing between the green veins, often with small dead spots. This is the classic interveinal chlorosis, so option 2 is correct.
Step 4: Check option 3 (Zinc).
Zinc deficiency causes small leaves, short internodes, and white or pale bands, such as white bud in maize and khaira disease in rice. These are stunting and bleaching symptoms and are not given as the typical interveinal chlorosis sign here. So option 3 is not the best answer.
Step 5: Check option 4 (Phosphorus).
Phosphorus deficiency gives stunted plants with dark green leaves and a purple or reddish tinge, mostly on older leaves. There is no yellowing between veins. So option 4 is wrong.
Final Answer:
Interveinal chlorosis is the typical sign of manganese deficiency, which is option 2.
\[ \boxed{\text{Option 2: Manganese}} \]
Question 29:
The herbicides applied after the emergence of weeds and crops are called as .
(A) Post-emergence herbicides
(B) Pre-emergence herbicides
(C) Pre-plant herbicides
(D) Pre-harvest herbicides
Correct Answer: (A) Post-emergence herbicides
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Herbicides are grouped by the time of application. The groups are named after the stage of the crop and the weeds when the chemical is sprayed. Here the spray is done after both the crop and the weeds have come up.
Step 2: Check option 1 (Post-emergence herbicides).
These are sprayed after the crop and the weeds have emerged from the soil. The name says what the question describes, so option 1 is correct.
Step 3: Check option 2 (Pre-emergence herbicides).
These are applied after sowing but before the crop or weeds come up. They kill weed seeds as they germinate. The question says application is after emergence, so option 2 is wrong.
Step 4: Check option 3 (Pre-plant herbicides).
These are applied before the crop is sown or transplanted, sometimes mixed in the soil. This is much earlier than emergence, so option 3 is wrong.
Step 5: Check option 4 (Pre-harvest herbicides).
These are used shortly before harvest, for example to dry out the crop or weeds. This is a late stage and is not the general term for post-emergence use. So option 4 is wrong.
Final Answer:
Herbicides applied after the crop and weeds have emerged are post-emergence herbicides, option 1.
\[ \boxed{\text{Option 1: Post-emergence herbicides}} \]
Question 30:
Localized death of tissue usually characterized by browning and desiccation is termed as .
(A) Chlorosis
(B) Necrosis
(C) Cracking
(D) Burning
Correct Answer: (B) Necrosis
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Plant disorders and diseases show different visible symptoms. The symptom here is death of a small patch of tissue, which turns brown and dries out. We need the technical term for this symptom.
Step 2: Check option 1 (Chlorosis).
Chlorosis is yellowing of green tissue because chlorophyll is lost. The tissue is still alive. It does not mean tissue death and browning, so option 1 is wrong.
Step 3: Check option 2 (Necrosis).
Necrosis means death of cells or tissue in a local area. Such dead tissue turns brown or black and dries up. This matches the description fully, so option 2 is correct.
Step 4: Check option 3 (Cracking).
Cracking is splitting of fruits, stems or leaves, often due to uneven water supply. It is a physical break and not death of tissue. So option 3 is wrong.
Step 5: Check option 4 (Burning).
Burning is a general word used for a scorched look, and is not the standard technical term for localized tissue death. So option 4 is wrong.
Final Answer:
Localized death of tissue with browning and drying is necrosis, option 2.
\[ \boxed{\text{Option 2: Necrosis}} \]
Question 31:
The recommended seed rate per hectare for hybrid tomato is-
(A) 100 to 125 gram
(B) 200 to 250 gram
(C) 300 to 450 gram
(D) 600 to 850 gram
Correct Answer: (A) 100 to 125 gram
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Tomato seed rate depends on the type of variety. Hybrid seed is costly and has high germination, and it is raised in a nursery before transplanting. So the seed rate for hybrids is much lower than for open-pollinated varieties.
Step 2: Recall the standard recommendation.
Open-pollinated varieties need about 400 to 500 gram of seed per hectare for the nursery. Hybrid tomato needs only about 100 to 125 gram per hectare.
Step 3: Check option 1 (100 to 125 gram).
This matches the standard recommendation for hybrid tomato. So option 1 is correct.
Step 4: Check option 2 (200 to 250 gram).
This is double the usual hybrid rate. It is a distractor and is not the usual recommendation, so option 2 is wrong.
Step 5: Check option 3 (300 to 450 gram).
This figure is close to the rate used for ordinary varieties, not hybrids. So option 3 is wrong.
Step 6: Check option 4 (600 to 850 gram).
This is far more than any tomato recommendation and would give a crowded nursery. So option 4 is wrong.
Final Answer:
The seed rate for hybrid tomato is 100 to 125 gram per hectare, option 1.
\[ \boxed{\text{Option 1: 100 to 125 gram per hectare}} \]
Question 32:
The term Standard, Spray, Pot-mums and Cascade are related to training of .
(A) Marigold
(B) Rose
(C) Chrysanthemum
(D) Canna
Correct Answer: (C) Chrysanthemum
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
In floriculture, some flowers are trained and pruned into special forms to grow for show or for the cut flower trade. The terms in the question are names of such growth forms.
Step 2: Recall the forms.
Chrysanthemum is trained as standard (one large bloom on a stem), spray (many flowers on a stem), pot-mums (compact potted plants) and cascade (hanging plants trained down a support).
Step 3: Check option 1 (Marigold).
Marigold is grown as a bedding or loose flower plant. It is pinched for bushy growth, but it is not trained in these four named forms. So option 1 is wrong.
Step 4: Check option 2 (Rose).
Rose is trained as bush, standard (tree rose), climber and so on. Spray and pot-mum are not used for rose training in this sense. So option 2 is wrong.
Step 5: Check option 3 (Chrysanthemum).
All four terms standard, spray, pot-mums and cascade are used for chrysanthemum training. So option 3 is correct.
Step 6: Check option 4 (Canna).
Canna is a rhizomatous bedding plant grown in clumps. It is not trained into these forms. So option 4 is wrong.
Final Answer:
The terms belong to chrysanthemum training, option 3.
\[ \boxed{\text{Option 3: Chrysanthemum}} \]
Question 33:
Fruit and vegetables are an important component of Indian agriculture due to A. High productivity of these crops B. Economically sustainable alternative for diversification C. High employment generation capacity D. High nutritional, medicinal and export potential Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) A, B and D only
(B) A, C and D only
(C) A, B, C and D
(D) B, C and D only
Correct Answer: (C) A, B, C and D
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Horticulture crops (fruits and vegetables) give more income per unit area than most field crops. Textbooks list several reasons why they matter for India. We test each statement against these reasons.
Step 2: Check statement A.
Fruits and vegetables give high yield and value per hectare compared with cereals. So high productivity is a true reason.
Step 3: Check statement B.
Farmers can shift some land from cereals to horticulture to earn more and use water better. This is an economically sustainable alternative for diversification, so B is true.
Step 4: Check statement C.
These crops need many workers for planting, picking, grading, packing and processing. So high employment generation is true.
Step 5: Check statement D.
Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins and minerals, many have medicinal value, and India exports many of them. So D is true.
Step 6: Match with the options.
All four statements are correct, so only the option listing A, B, C and D fits. This is option 3.
Final Answer:
All four statements are correct, so the answer is option 3.
\[ \boxed{\text{Option 3: A, B, C and D}} \]
Question 34:
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
LIST-I Means of fruits and vegetables maturity
LIST-II Related methods
A.
Visual means
I.
Ease of separation or abscission, firmness, specific gravity
B.
Physical means
II.
TSS, acidity, solid to acid ratio
C.
Chemical means
III.
Ethylene production
D.
Physiological method
IV.
Peel colour, size, drying of plant parts
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(B) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(C) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
(D) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
Correct Answer: (B) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Maturity of fruits and vegetables can be judged by several means: what we see, what we feel or measure physically, what we measure in the laboratory, and what the fruit does inside. We match each means with its related methods.
Step 2: Match A (Visual means).
Visual means use the eye: peel colour, size and drying of plant parts such as the drying of the tops. This is IV, so A matches IV.
Step 3: Match B (Physical means).
Physical means use touch or simple measures: ease of separation (abscission) from the plant, firmness and specific gravity. This is I, so B matches I.
Step 4: Match C (Chemical means).
Chemical means need lab tests of the juice: total soluble solids (TSS), acidity and the solid to acid ratio. This is II, so C matches II.
Step 5: Match D (Physiological method).
The physiological method looks at processes such as ethylene production and respiration. This is III, so D matches III.
Step 6: Compare with the options.
We now have A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III. Option 1 pairs A with I, which is wrong. Option 3 pairs A with I and C with IV, which is wrong. Option 4 pairs A with III, which is wrong. Only option 2 gives the full correct match.
Final Answer:
The correct matching is A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III, which is option 2.
\[ \boxed{\text{Option 2: A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III}} \]
Question 35:
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
LIST-I Variety
LIST-II Crop
A. Pusa Muskan
I. Marigold
B. Arka Bangara
II. Chrysanthemum
C. Pusa Shagun
III. Rose
D. Pusa Anmol
IV. Gladiolus
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(B) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
(C) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
(D) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
Correct Answer: (D) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Question:
We must match each improved variety with the flower crop it belongs to. Pusa varieties come from IARI, New Delhi. Arka varieties come from IIHR, Bengaluru.
Step 2: Fix the sure pair:
Arka Bangara is a well known marigold variety from IIHR. So B matches I (Marigold). This removes options 1 and 3, because they pair B with II.
Step 3: Check option (1):
It pairs B with Chrysanthemum, which is wrong. Option (1) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (2):
It pairs B with Marigold, which is right, but it also pairs Pusa Anmol with Gladiolus and Pusa Muskan with Chrysanthemum. These pairs do not match the standard variety list. Option (2) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (3):
It pairs B with Chrysanthemum, which is wrong. Option (3) is wrong.
Step 6: Check option (4):
It gives A-III (Pusa Muskan, Rose), B-I (Arka Bangara, Marigold), C-IV (Pusa Shagun, Gladiolus), D-II (Pusa Anmol, Chrysanthemum). This is the standard grouping, so option (4) is correct.
Final Answer:
The correct matching is A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II, which is option (4).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (4)}} \]
Question 36:
What should be the most favorable temperature for tuber formation in potato?
(A) \(8^{\circ}\text{C}\)
(B) \(12^{\circ}\text{C}\)
(C) \(14^{\circ}\text{C}\)
(D) \(17^{\circ}\text{C}\)
Correct Answer: (D) \(17^{\circ}\text{C}\)
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Potato is a cool season crop. Tubers form when the plant stores starch in swollen underground stems.
Step 2: Key Fact:
Tuber formation is best at a night temperature of about 15 to 20 degrees C. Above 25 degrees C it slows a lot. The nearest value in the options to this range is 17 degrees C.
Step 3: Check option (1):
8 degrees C is too cold. Growth is very slow and tubers form poorly. Option (1) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (2):
12 degrees C is below the best range, so tuber growth is slower. Option (2) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (3):
14 degrees C is close but still just below the best range. Option (3) is wrong.
Step 6: Check option (4):
17 degrees C falls inside the best range of 15 to 20 degrees C. Option (4) is correct.
Final Answer:
The best temperature among the options is 17 degrees C, option (4).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (4)}} \]
Question 37:
Brown heart of radish is due to the deficiency of .
(A) Calcium
(B) Boron
(C) Zinc
(D) Iron
Correct Answer: (B) Boron
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Question:
Brown heart is a physiological disorder, not a disease from a germ. It happens when the plant lacks a micronutrient.
Step 2: Key Fact:
Boron is needed for cell wall formation and sugar movement. Lack of boron makes inner root tissue turn brown and hollow. The same lack causes brown heart in turnip and cracked stem in celery.
Step 3: Check option (1):
Calcium deficiency causes blossom end rot in tomato and tip burn in lettuce. Option (1) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (2):
Boron deficiency causes brown heart in radish. Option (2) is correct.
Step 5: Check option (3):
Zinc deficiency causes little leaf and khaira disease in rice. Option (3) is wrong.
Step 6: Check option (4):
Iron deficiency causes yellowing between the veins of young leaves. Option (4) is wrong.
Final Answer:
Brown heart of radish is due to boron deficiency, option (2).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (2)}} \]
Question 38:
What should be the temperature for pasteurization of fruit juices?
(A) 30-40\(^{\circ}\)C for 20-30 minutes
(B) 50-60\(^{\circ}\)C for 20-30 minutes
(C) 70-80\(^{\circ}\)C for 20-30 minutes
(D) 85-90\(^{\circ}\)C for 20-30 minutes
Correct Answer: (D) 85-90\(^{\circ}\)C for 20-30 minutes
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Pasteurization is mild heating that kills spoilage yeasts, moulds and many bacteria. It does not make the juice fully sterile.
Step 2: Key Fact:
Acidic fruit juices are heated in bottles in hot water at about 85 to 90 degrees C for 20 to 30 minutes in the textbook method, then cooled quickly.
Step 3: Check option (1):
30 to 40 degrees C is only warm. It would not kill microbes and may help them grow. Option (1) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (2):
50 to 60 degrees C is still too low to destroy yeasts and moulds. Option (2) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (3):
70 to 80 degrees C is used in some short time methods, but the standard bottle method for juice uses a higher value. Option (3) is not chosen.
Step 6: Check option (4):
85 to 90 degrees C for 20 to 30 minutes matches the standard bottle pasteurization of juice. Option (4) is chosen.
Final Answer:
The usual juice pasteurization is 85-90 degrees C for 20-30 minutes, option (4).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (4)}} \]
Question 39:
Which of the following is not correct about the classification of annual flowers?
(A) Winter season annuals
(B) Rainy season annuals
(C) Late rainy season annuals
(D) Summer season annuals
Correct Answer: (C) Late rainy season annuals
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Question:
Annual flowers finish their life cycle in one year. They are grouped by the season in which they are grown. We must find the group that is not part of this standard scheme.
Step 2: Key Fact:
The standard grouping has three seasons: winter, summer and rainy. Examples are pansy and petunia in winter, zinnia and sunflower in summer and rainy, cockscomb in rainy.
Step 3: Check option (1):
Winter season annuals is a real group. So option (1) is correct, not the answer.
Step 4: Check option (2):
Rainy season annuals is a real group. So option (2) is correct, not the answer.
Step 5: Check option (3):
Late rainy season annuals is not a standard group. So this is the statement that is not correct. Option (3) is the answer.
Step 6: Check option (4):
Summer season annuals is a real group. So option (4) is correct, not the answer.
Final Answer:
Late rainy season annuals is not a recognised class, option (3).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (3)}} \]
Question 40:
The immediate removal of field heat from the produce is known as .
(A) Pre-sorting
(B) Dumping
(C) Pre-cooling
(D) Trimming
Correct Answer: (C) Pre-cooling
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Concept:
Fresh produce is warm after harvest because of the sun and its own respiration. This extra heat is called field heat. It speeds up rotting and water loss.
Step 2: Key Fact:
The quick removal of field heat before storage or transport is called pre-cooling.
Step 3: Check option (1):
Pre-sorting means separating produce by size or quality before packing. It does not remove heat. Option (1) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (2):
Dumping means unloading produce, for example into a washing tank. It is not a cooling step. Option (2) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (3):
Pre-cooling removes field heat soon after harvest. Option (3) is correct.
Step 6: Check option (4):
Trimming means cutting away unwanted parts such as roots or outer leaves. Option (4) is wrong.
Final Answer:
The removal of field heat is pre-cooling, option (3).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (3)}} \]
Question 41:
Which of the breed of goat has distinct feature of roman nose?
(A) Jamunapari
(B) Beetal
(C) Sirohi
(D) Barberi
Correct Answer: (A) Jamunapari
View SolutionStep 1: Read the passage for the roman nose
The passage describes the Jamunapari goat as a majestic breed. It has a convex nose line with a tuft of hair. This look is called the roman nose or parrot mouth appearance. So the question is really asking which breed the passage describes this way.
Step 2: Check option (1) Jamunapari
Jamunapari is the breed called the Queen of goats in the passage. It is also the breed with the convex nose line. So option (1) is correct.
Step 3: Check option (2) Beetal
Beetal is listed as a dairy breed in the passage, but nothing is said about a roman nose. The passage ties the roman nose to Jamunapari. So option (2) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (3) Sirohi
Sirohi is also named only as a dairy breed in the passage. It is a medium sized breed of Rajasthan with no roman nose feature. So option (3) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (4) Barberi
Barbari (spelt Barberi here) is a small dairy breed. It is named in the list of dairy breeds, with no link to a roman nose. So option (4) is wrong.
Final Answer:
Jamunapari is the breed with the roman nose, which is option (1).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (1)}} \]
Question 42:
Angora is an important exotic breed of-
(A) Cattle
(B) Buffalo
(C) Sheep
(D) Goat
Correct Answer: (D) Goat
View SolutionStep 1: Find Angora in the passage
The passage says Angora, Saanen and Alpine are some important exotic breeds of goat. Exotic means a breed that came from another country.
Step 2: Check option (1) Cattle
Cattle breeds include Jersey and Holstein Friesian as exotic types. Angora is not one of them. So option (1) is wrong.
Step 3: Check option (2) Buffalo
Buffalo breeds such as Murrah and Jaffarabadi are Indian breeds, and there is no exotic Angora buffalo. So option (2) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (3) Sheep
Sheep give wool, and the exotic wool breeds are Merino and Rambouillet. Angora is not a sheep breed. So option (3) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (4) Goat
Angora is a goat breed that gives mohair fibre, and the passage lists it with the exotic goats. So option (4) is correct.
Final Answer:
Angora is an exotic goat breed, which is option (4).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (4)}} \]
Question 43:
ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Goats CIRG is located at __________.
(A) Mathura
(B) Bareilly
(C) Karnal
(D) Salem
Correct Answer: (A) Mathura
View SolutionStep 1: Find CIRG in the passage
The passage says the ICAR Central Institute for Research on Goats is located at Mathura in Uttar Pradesh. It works under ICAR, Government of India.
Step 2: Check option (1) Mathura
This matches the passage exactly. So option (1) is correct.
Step 3: Check option (2) Bareilly
Bareilly is in Uttar Pradesh, but the ICAR Indian Veterinary Research Institute is there, not CIRG. So option (2) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (3) Karnal
Karnal in Haryana has the National Dairy Research Institute and a buffalo research centre. It is not the home of CIRG. So option (3) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (4) Salem
Salem is in Tamil Nadu and has no ICAR goat institute. So option (4) is wrong.
Final Answer:
CIRG is at Mathura, which is option (1).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (1)}} \]
Question 44:
Which of the following animal is called as poor man's cow?
(A) Buffalo
(B) Sheep
(C) Goat
(D) Poultry
Correct Answer: (C) Goat
View SolutionStep 1: Find the phrase in the passage
The passage says goats are often referred to as the poor man's cow. The reason given is low investment, survival on poor feed, quick breeding and steady income.
Step 2: Check option (1) Buffalo
A buffalo needs high investment and good feed. It is not called the poor man's cow. So option (1) is wrong.
Step 3: Check option (2) Sheep
Sheep are reared for wool and meat. The passage never links them with this phrase. So option (2) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (3) Goat
The passage ties this title to the goat. So option (3) is correct.
Step 5: Check option (4) Poultry
Poultry give eggs and meat but are birds, not milk animals like a cow. So option (4) is wrong.
Final Answer:
Goat is called the poor man's cow, which is option (3).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (3)}} \]
Question 45:
The meat of the goat is called as __________.
(A) Mutton
(B) Poultry
(C) Pork
(D) Chevon
Correct Answer: (D) Chevon
View SolutionStep 1: Recall the correct terms
Goat meat is called chevon. Sheep meat is called mutton. Pig meat is pork. Poultry means birds such as chicken. The passage also uses the word Chevon for the meat.
Step 2: Check option (1) Mutton
Mutton is the meat of sheep in standard livestock terms. The passage sentence is loosely worded, but the question asks for the name of goat meat, and that name is chevon. So option (1) is not the best choice.
Step 3: Check option (2) Poultry
Poultry is meat or eggs from birds, not goats. So option (2) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (3) Pork
Pork is pig meat. So option (3) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (4) Chevon
Chevon is the term for goat meat, and the passage names it too. So option (4) is correct.
Final Answer:
Goat meat is called chevon, which is option (4).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (4)}} \]
Question 46:
Which of the following feed gives good amount to vitamins to the farm animals?
(A) Green fodder
(B) Dry fodder
(C) Concentrates
(D) Hay
Correct Answer: (A) Green fodder
View SolutionStep 1: Find the vitamin source in the passage
The passage says green fodder gives moisture, vitamins and digestible nutrients.
Step 2: Check option (1) Green fodder
This matches the passage line on vitamins. Fresh plants are rich in carotene, which turns into vitamin A. So option (1) is correct.
Step 3: Check option (2) Dry fodder
Dry fodder is roughage with low protein, and it mainly supplies fibre. Drying also destroys much vitamin content. So option (2) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (3) Concentrates
Concentrates such as oil cakes, grains and bran give protein and energy, not vitamins in a big amount. So option (3) is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (4) Hay
Hay is dried grass or legume, so it is a dry fodder and has few vitamins. So option (4) is wrong.
Final Answer:
Green fodder gives good vitamins, which is option (1).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (1)}} \]
Question 47:
Which of the following is a tree fodder?
(A) Lucerne
(B) Maize
(C) Subabul
(D) Berseem
Correct Answer: (C) Subabul
View SolutionStep 1: Find tree fodder in the passage
The passage says tree fodders are leaves from trees like subabul and banyan. They give protein in the dry season.
Step 2: Check option (1) Lucerne
Lucerne is a leguminous herb grown as a green fodder crop, called the queen of fodder. It is not a tree. So option (1) is wrong.
Step 3: Check option (2) Maize
Maize is a cereal crop used as green fodder and for silage. It is not a tree. So option (2) is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (3) Subabul
Subabul (Leucaena) is a tree, and the passage names it as a tree fodder. So option (3) is correct.
Step 5: Check option (4) Berseem
Berseem is a winter legume fodder crop and not a tree. So option (4) is wrong.
Final Answer:
Subabul is a tree fodder, which is option (3).
\[ \boxed{\text{Option (3)}} \]
Question 48:
Haulm refers to the dry fodder of which of the following crop?
(A) Paddy
(B) Wheat
(C) Groundnut
(D) Sorghum
Correct Answer: (C) Groundnut
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Question:
Haulm is the dry stems and leaves left after harvesting pulses and oilseeds. The question asks which crop gives haulm as its dry fodder. The passage lists groundnut haulms among dry fodders.
Step 2: Check option (1).
Paddy residue is called paddy straw, not haulm, so this is wrong.
Step 3: Check option (2).
Wheat residue is called wheat straw (bhusa), not haulm, so this is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (3).
Groundnut residue after pod harvest is called groundnut haulm. It is a good dry fodder, so this is correct.
Step 5: Check option (4).
Sorghum residue is called stover (kadbi), not haulm, so this is wrong.
Final Answer:
Haulm is the dry fodder of groundnut. This is option (3).
\[ \boxed{3} \]
Question 49:
HCN is found in which of the green fodder?
(A) Rice
(B) Maize
(C) Napier
(D) Sorghum
Correct Answer: (D) Sorghum
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Question:
HCN is hydrocyanic acid, a poison. The question asks which green fodder can contain it. The passage warns that sorghum fed young or under drought stress has high HCN.
Step 2: Check option (1).
Rice is not used as green fodder and has no known HCN problem, so this is wrong.
Step 3: Check option (2).
Maize is safe as green fodder and has no dangerous HCN content, so this is wrong.
Step 4: Check option (3).
Napier grass is a safe, high yielding grass fodder with no HCN issue, so this is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (4).
Sorghum contains the glucoside dhurrin, which releases HCN. Young plants and drought stressed crops are most dangerous, so this is correct.
Final Answer:
Sorghum contains HCN. This is option (4).
\[ \boxed{4} \]
Question 50:
Which of the following is referred as Queen of fodder?
(A) Berseem
(B) Lucerne
(C) Cowpea
(D) Stylo
Correct Answer: (B) Lucerne
View SolutionStep 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks which fodder crop carries the title Queen of fodder. The passage directly states that lucerne is also called the queen of fodder.
Step 2: Check option (1).
Berseem is a winter legume often called the king of fodder, so this is wrong.
Step 3: Check option (2).
Lucerne is a perennial legume with high protein and many cuttings a year. It is called the queen of fodder, so this is correct.
Step 4: Check option (3).
Cowpea is a summer legume fodder and has no such title, so this is wrong.
Step 5: Check option (4).
Stylo is a tropical pasture legume and has no such title, so this is wrong.
Final Answer:
Lucerne is the queen of fodder. This is option (2).
\[ \boxed{2} \]
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