NEET 2027 Syllabus: Subject Wise Topics, Chapter Wise Weightage and PDF Download

Scope of physics; SI units; fundamental and derived units; errors in measurement; significant figures; dimensional analysis and applications.

Frame of reference; motion in a straight line; uniform and non-uniform motion; instantaneous velocity; scalars and vectors; projectile motion; uniform circular motion; relative velocity.

Newton’s three laws; inertia; momentum; impulse; conservation of linear momentum; static and kinetic friction; centripetal force and circular motion dynamics.

Work done by constant and variable force; kinetic and potential energy; work-energy theorem; power; spring potential energy; elastic and inelastic collisions.

Centre of mass; torque; angular momentum; moment of inertia; radius of gyration; parallel and perpendicular axes theorems; rotational motion equations.

Universal law of gravitation; variation of g with altitude and depth; Kepler’s laws; gravitational potential energy; escape velocity; orbital velocity; geostationary satellites.

Elastic behaviour; Hooke’s law; Young’s modulus; Pascal’s law; Bernoulli’s principle; viscosity; Stokes’ law; surface tension; capillary rise; heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation); Newton’s law of cooling.

Zeroth law; first law; second law; reversible and irreversible processes; Carnot engine and efficiency; heat, work, and internal energy.

Equation of state; kinetic theory assumptions; kinetic energy and temperature; degrees of freedom; law of equipartition of energy; specific heat capacities; mean free path; Avogadro’s number.

Periodic motion; SHM and its equation; oscillations of a spring; simple pendulum; free, forced, and damped oscillations; resonance; wave motion; longitudinal and transverse waves; standing waves; beats; Doppler effect.

Coulomb’s law; electric field and field lines; electric dipole; Gauss’s law; electric potential; capacitors and capacitance; dielectrics; Van de Graaff generator.

Drift velocity; Ohm’s law; resistivity and conductivity; V-I characteristics; Kirchhoff’s laws; Wheatstone bridge; potentiometer; internal resistance of a cell.

Biot-Savart law; Ampere’s law; force on a moving charge; force between parallel conductors; moving coil galvanometer; bar magnet; Earth’s magnetism; dia-, para-, and ferromagnetism; electromagnets.

Faraday’s law; Lenz’s law; eddy currents; self and mutual inductance; AC circuits; LCR series resonance; power in AC; AC generator and transformer.

Characteristics of EM waves; transverse nature; EM spectrum (radio, microwave, infrared, visible, UV, X-ray, gamma); applications.

Reflection; spherical mirrors; refraction; total internal reflection; lenses; thin lens formula; power of lens; prism dispersion; scattering; human eye; microscopes and telescopes; wave optics; Young’s double slit; diffraction; polarisation; Brewster’s law.

Photoelectric effect; Einstein’s photoelectric equation; de Broglie relation; Davisson-Germer experiment; wave-particle duality.

Rutherford’s model; Bohr model; hydrogen spectrum; nuclear composition; isotopes, isobars, isotones; radioactivity; mass-energy relation; binding energy; nuclear fission and fusion.

Semiconductors; p-n junction diode; rectifier; LED; photodiode; solar cell; Zener diode; transistor; logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR); transistor as switch and amplifier.

Measurement of length, mass, time, temperature; potential difference and current; speed of sound; refractive index; focal length; specific heat capacity; resistivity; meter bridge; potentiometer experiments.

Mole concept; Avogadro’s law; stoichiometry; percentage composition; empirical and molecular formula; limiting reagent; concentration terms.

Atomic models (Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr); quantum numbers; Aufbau principle; Hund’s rule; Pauli exclusion principle; electronic configuration; shapes of orbitals (s, p, d).

Gas laws; ideal gas equation; kinetic molecular theory; van der Waals equation; liquefaction of gases; vapour pressure; surface tension.

System and surroundings; enthalpy; Hess’s law; bond enthalpy; entropy; Gibbs free energy; spontaneity of reactions.

Law of mass action; Kc and Kp; Le Chatelier’s principle; ionic equilibrium; Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis acids/bases; pH; buffer solutions; solubility product.

Oxidation number; oxidation and reduction; balancing redox reactions by oxidation number and half-reaction method.

Types of solids; crystal lattices; unit cells; packing efficiency; voids; imperfections in solids; electrical and magnetic properties.

Types of solutions; Raoult’s law; colligative properties; elevation in boiling point; depression in freezing point; osmotic pressure; van’t Hoff factor.

Galvanic cells; electrode potential; EMF; Nernst equation; electrolysis; Faraday’s laws; conductance; Kohlrausch’s law; corrosion.

Rate of reaction; order and molecularity; integrated rate equations; half-life; Arrhenius equation; activation energy; collision theory.

Adsorption; catalysis; colloids; emulsions; Tyndall effect; Brownian motion; coagulation; Hardy-Schulze rule.

Modern periodic law; s, p, d, f block elements; periodic trends in atomic and ionic radii; ionization enthalpy; electron gain enthalpy; electronegativity; valence and oxidation states; chemical reactivity across periods and groups.

Valence electrons; ionic bond; covalent bond; Lewis structures; polar bonds; VSEPR theory; hybridization (s, p, d orbitals); molecular orbital theory for homonuclear diatomics; resonance; hydrogen bond; bond parameters (length, energy, angle).

Alkali metals (Group 1) and Alkaline earth metals (Group 2); electronic configuration; anomalous properties of the first element; diagonal relationship; trends in ionization enthalpy; reactions with oxygen, water, hydrogen, and halogens; important compounds and uses. Hydrogen — preparation, properties, uses, and hydrogen peroxide.

Group 13 — Boron: physical and chemical properties; borax, boric acid, diborane; uses; Aluminium reactions with acids and alkalis. Group 14 — Carbon: allotropic forms, catenation; oxides of carbon; Silicon and its compounds; general trends in oxidation states.

Group 15 — Nitrogen and phosphorus; preparation and properties of NH₃ and HNO₃; oxides of nitrogen; allotropes of phosphorus. Group 16 — Oxygen; O₂ and O₃ properties; allotropes of sulphur; Contact process for H₂SO₄. Group 17 — Halogens; Cl₂ and HCl properties; interhalogen compounds; oxoacids. Group 18 — Noble gases; uses; trends in properties.

Transition metals — variable oxidation states; colour; catalytic properties; magnetic properties; interstitial compounds; alloy formation; K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄ preparation and properties. Lanthanoids — electronic configuration, oxidation states, lanthanoid contraction. Actinoids — electronic configuration, oxidation states, comparison with lanthanoids.

Ligands and coordination number; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds; Werner’s theory; Valence Bond Theory (VBT); Crystal Field Theory (CFT); isomerism (structural and stereo); colour and magnetic properties; biological importance (haemoglobin, chlorophyll); industrial and analytical applications.

Occurrence of metals; concentration methods (froth flotation, magnetic separation, leaching); extraction by thermodynamic and electrochemical principles; refining methods; uses of aluminium, copper, zinc, and iron.

Purification methods; IUPAC nomenclature; electronic displacements (inductive, resonance, hyperconjugation); homolytic and heterolytic bond fission; reactive intermediates; types of organic reactions.

Alkanes — conformations, reactions; Alkenes — isomerism, addition reactions, Markovnikov’s rule; Alkynes — acidic character, reactions; Benzene — aromaticity, electrophilic substitution, Hückel rule.

Air, water, and soil pollution; industrial waste; green chemistry principles.

Nomenclature; nature of C-X bond; SN1 and SN2 mechanisms; stereochemistry; uses; DDT.

Nomenclature; physical properties; chemical reactions of alcohols and phenols; acidic character of phenol; reactions of ethers.

Nomenclature; nucleophilic addition reactions; aldol condensation; Cannizzaro reaction; oxidation of aldehydes; reactions of carboxylic acids.

Classification; nomenclature; basicity of amines; diazonium salts and their reactions; cyanides and isocyanides.

Carbohydrates; proteins — amino acids, peptide bond, protein structure; enzymes; nucleic acids (DNA and RNA); vitamins; hormones.

Classification; addition and condensation polymerization; natural rubber; vulcanization; biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers.

Drugs — analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs; soaps and detergents; food chemistry (preservatives, antioxidants, artificial sweeteners).

Biodiversity; classification; binomial nomenclature; five kingdom classification; Monera, Protista, Fungi; Viruses and Viroids; plant kingdom — Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms; taxonomic hierarchy.

Morphology and modifications of root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit, and seed; plant tissues (meristematic and permanent); anatomy of root, stem, and leaf.

Cell theory; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure; cell organelles (ER, Golgi, lysosomes, mitochondria, plastids, ribosomes, nucleus); cell cycle; mitosis and meiosis; biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids); enzymes.

Transport in plants (osmosis, plasmolysis, transpiration, guttation, ascent of sap); mineral nutrition (essential elements, hydroponics, nitrogen fixation); photosynthesis (light reactions, Calvin cycle, C3 and C4 pathways, photorespiration); respiration (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETS); plant growth regulators (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA); photoperiodism; vernalisation.

Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination types and agencies; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; endosperm and embryo development; apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony.

Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism (codominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, pleiotropy); chromosome theory; sex determination; sex-linked inheritance; chromosomal disorders (Down’s, Turner’s, Klinefelter’s); DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation; genetic code; lac operon; DNA fingerprinting; origin of life; Darwinism; Hardy-Weinberg principle; human evolution.

Plant breeding; tissue culture; single cell protein; biofortification; apiculture; basic immunology; vaccines; pathogens causing human diseases; HIV/AIDS; cancer; adolescence and substance abuse.

Principles of genetic engineering; recombinant DNA technology; tools (restriction enzymes, vectors, PCR, gel electrophoresis); human insulin production; gene therapy; Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety; biopiracy.

Organism and environment; habitat and niche; population ecology (growth models, interspecific interactions); ecosystem (energy flow, nutrient cycling, ecological succession); biodiversity (patterns, importance, loss, conservation — hotspots, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks); environmental issues (air and water pollution, ozone depletion, global warming, deforestation).

Basis of classification; salient features and classification of non-chordates up to phyla level; chordates up to class level; key distinguishing features; examples.

Animal tissues (epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous); anatomy and functions of digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, and reproductive systems of cockroach.

Digestion and absorption; breathing and respiration (gas exchange, volumes, regulation, disorders); body fluids and circulation (blood groups, cardiac cycle, ECG, double circulation, disorders); excretion (nephron, urine formation, osmoregulation, dialysis); locomotion and movement (muscle contraction, skeletal system, joints, disorders); neural coordination (neuron, reflex, eye, ear); chemical coordination (endocrine glands, hormone action, common disorders).

Male and female reproductive systems; gametogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilization; embryo development to blastocyst; implantation; placenta; parturition; lactation; reproductive health; STDs; birth control methods; IVF, ZIFT, GIFT.

Chromosomal disorders; sex-linked traits (haemophilia, colour blindness); thalassemia; molecular basis of inheritance; evolution evidence; natural selection; genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg principle.

Animal husbandry; human diseases (malaria, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm); immunology; cancer; HIV/AIDS.

Human insulin production; gene therapy; transgenic animals; ethics and biosafety in biotechnology applications.

Population ecology; population interactions (predation, mutualism, competition, parasitism); age distribution; biodiversity conservation; national parks and sanctuaries.