JEE Main Syllabus 2027: Subject-Wise Topics, Topic-Wise Weightage and PDF Download

Units and dimensions, dimensional analysis, significant figures, errors in measurement, fundamental and derived units, SI system, vernier calliper, screw gauge, spherometer.

Motion in a straight line, uniform and non-uniform motion, projectile motion, relative velocity, motion in a plane, vectors — addition, subtraction, scalar and vector products, unit vectors, resolution of vectors.

Newton’s three laws of motion, impulse, static and kinetic friction, rolling friction, dynamics of circular motion, centripetal force, Atwood machine, connected body problems, pseudo force, equilibrium of concurrent forces.

Work-energy theorem, conservative and non-conservative forces, potential energy curves, elastic and inelastic collisions, coefficient of restitution, power, conservation of mechanical energy, spring potential energy.

Centre of mass, torque, angular momentum, moment of inertia of standard bodies, parallel and perpendicular axis theorems, rolling without slipping, angular kinematics, conservation of angular momentum, rigid body equilibrium.

Newton’s law of gravitation, gravitational field and potential energy, escape velocity, orbital velocity of satellites, Kepler’s three laws, geostationary and polar satellites, variation of g with altitude, depth and latitude.

Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Hooke’s law, surface tension and energy, viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, Bernoulli’s equation, capillarity, Pascal’s law, Archimedes’ principle, thermal expansion, specific heat, calorimetry.

Zeroth, first, and second laws of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes, work done in thermodynamic cycles, heat engines, Carnot cycle efficiency, refrigerator COP, internal energy, entropy.

Ideal gas equation, kinetic molecular theory postulates, RMS speed, mean speed, most probable speed, degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy, mean free path, Avogadro’s number.

Simple harmonic motion, energy in SHM, spring-mass systems, simple and compound pendulums, damped oscillations, resonance, progressive waves, superposition, standing waves in strings and pipes, beats, Doppler effect.

Coulomb’s law, electric field lines, Gauss’s law and applications, electric potential and potential energy, capacitors in series and parallel, dielectrics, energy stored in a capacitor, electric dipole, equipotential surfaces.

Ohm’s law, resistivity, resistors in series and parallel, Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge, potentiometer, meter bridge, EMF and internal resistance, electric power, drift velocity, mobility of charge carriers.

Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s circuital law, force on a current-carrying conductor, magnetic dipole moment, moving coil galvanometer, Earth’s magnetism, diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials, cyclotron, Hall effect.

Faraday’s laws of EMI, Lenz’s law, self-inductance, mutual inductance, AC generator, transformers, impedance, phasor diagrams for LR, CR and LCR circuits, series resonance, power factor, LC oscillations, RMS values.

Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations (qualitative), electromagnetic spectrum and wavelength ranges, characteristics of EM waves, speed of EM waves in vacuum, energy density and intensity of EM waves.

Ray optics — reflection, refraction, mirror and lens formulae, total internal reflection, optical fibres, microscope, telescope. Wave optics — Huygens’ principle, Young’s double slit experiment, single-slit diffraction, polarisation, Brewster’s angle, Malus’s law.

Photoelectric effect, Einstein’s photoelectric equation, work function, stopping potential, de Broglie wavelength, Davisson-Germer experiment, wave-particle duality, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.

Rutherford’s alpha-scattering experiment, Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom, energy levels and spectra series, nuclear binding energy, mass defect, radioactive decay — alpha, beta, gamma, half-life, mean life, nuclear fission and fusion.

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors (n-type, p-type), p-n junction diode, I-V characteristics, Zener diode, half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, BJT transistor in CE configuration, logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR), Boolean algebra.

Mole concept, Avogadro’s number, molarity, molality, normality, mole fraction, percentage composition, limiting reagent, empirical and molecular formula, stoichiometry, laws of chemical combination.

Bohr’s atomic model, quantum numbers (n, l, m, s), shapes of atomic orbitals, aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, Pauli exclusion principle, electronic configuration of elements, de Broglie hypothesis, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.

Ionic, covalent, and coordinate bonds, VSEPR theory, hybridisation (sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d, sp3d2), MO theory, bond order, resonance, dipole moment, hydrogen bonding, bond length and bond energy.

System and surroundings, internal energy, enthalpy, first and second laws of thermodynamics, entropy, Gibbs free energy, spontaneity, Hess’s law, standard enthalpies of formation, combustion and neutralisation.

Henry’s law, Raoult’s law, colligative properties — relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation in boiling point, depression in freezing point, osmotic pressure, van’t Hoff factor, ideal and non-ideal solutions.

Law of mass action, Kc and Kp, Le Chatelier’s principle, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis acid-base theories, pH calculations, buffer solutions, solubility product, common ion effect.

Oxidation number rules, balancing redox reactions, electrochemical cells, standard electrode potentials, EMF of a cell, Nernst equation, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, conductance, cell notation.

Rate of reaction, rate law, order and molecularity, first and second order kinetics, half-life, Arrhenius equation, activation energy, collision theory, integrated rate equations, pseudo first-order reactions.

Modern periodic table, blocks (s, p, d, f), periodic trends — atomic and ionic radius, ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency and oxidation states across periods and groups.

Concentration of ores (gravity separation, froth flotation, magnetic separation, leaching), Ellingham diagram, smelting, roasting, calcination, refining methods, extraction of iron, copper, zinc and aluminium.

Position in periodic table, isotopes (protium, deuterium, tritium), preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, hard and soft water, heavy water, hydrogen peroxide structure and properties.

Group 1 (alkali metals) — reactions with water, oxygen and halogens; key compounds: NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaCl. Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) — properties; CaO, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, CaSO4. Anomalous behaviour of Li and Be.

Groups 13–18: boron family, carbon family (allotropes, silicates), nitrogen family (oxoacids, phosphorus allotropes), oxygen family (sulphur allotropes, H2SO4), halogens (interhalogen compounds, bleaching powder), noble gases.

Transition metals — variable oxidation states, magnetic and catalytic properties, coloured compounds, complex formation. Lanthanoids — electronic configuration, lanthanoid contraction, oxidation state. Actinoids — basic properties.

Werner’s postulates, IUPAC nomenclature, coordination number, structural and stereo isomerism in complexes, valence bond theory (VBT), crystal field theory (CFT), crystal field splitting, stability of complexes, chelate effect.

Purification methods — crystallisation, sublimation, distillation, chromatography. Qualitative analysis — Lassaigne’s test, detection of N, S, halogens, P. Quantitative estimation — C, H, N, S, halogens by Kjeldahl and Carius methods.

IUPAC nomenclature, hybridisation, inductive effect, mesomeric (resonance) effect, hyperconjugation, carbocation and carbanion stability, electrophile, nucleophile, types of organic reactions, structural and stereoisomerism.

Alkanes — free radical substitution, combustion. Alkenes — electrophilic addition, Markovnikov’s rule, ozonolysis. Alkynes — acidic character and reactions. Aromatic hydrocarbons — EAS reactions, benzene stability, Friedel-Crafts reactions.

SN1 and SN2 reactions (stereochemistry, reactivity order), E1 and E2 eliminations, Grignard reagent preparation and reactions, polyhalogen compounds — chloroform, iodoform, DDT, freons.

Alcohols and phenols (acidity, oxidation, esterification), ethers, aldehydes and ketones (nucleophilic addition, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, iodoform test), carboxylic acids and their derivatives (esters, acid chlorides, amides).

Amines — classification, basicity comparison, preparation and reactions. Diazonium salts and coupling reactions. Nitro compounds, nitriles, cyanides, isocyanides. Hoffmann bromamide degradation.

Carbohydrates — classification (mono/di/polysaccharides), glucose and fructose structure, sucrose, starch, cellulose. Proteins — amino acids, peptide bond, protein structure levels, enzymes. Nucleic acids — DNA and RNA structure and function.

Drugs and medicines — analgesics, tranquilisers, antibiotics, antiseptics, antihistamines, antacids. Food additives — preservatives, antioxidants, artificial sweeteners. Cleansing agents — soaps and detergents, critical micelle concentration.

Detection of functional groups in organic compounds, salt analysis (basic and acidic radicals), preparation of inorganic compounds, volumetric analysis, acid-base and redox titrations, preparation of standard solutions.

Sets and subsets, power set, Cartesian product. Relations — reflexive, symmetric, transitive, equivalence. Functions — domain, range, types (injective, surjective, bijective), composition, inverse, even/odd functions, graphs of standard functions.

Argand plane, modulus, argument, polar form, de Moivre’s theorem, cube roots of unity, conjugate, nature of roots, sum and product of roots, condition for common root, quadratic inequalities.

Types of matrices, matrix addition and multiplication, transpose, adjoint, inverse, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, determinants and their properties, cofactors, Cramer’s rule, consistency of systems of linear equations.

Fundamental counting principle, factorial notation, permutations with and without repetition, circular permutations, combinations, division of objects into groups, distribution problems, derangements.

Binomial expansion for positive integers, general term, middle term, term independent of x, greatest term, properties of binomial coefficients, Pascal’s triangle, binomial approximation for small values.

Arithmetic progressions (AP), geometric progressions (GP), harmonic progressions (HP), AM-GM-HM inequalities, sum of special series (n, n2, n3), infinite GP, arithmetico-geometric progressions (AGP).

Standard limits, L’Hopital’s rule, continuity at a point and on an interval, differentiability, derivatives of standard functions, chain rule, product rule, quotient rule, implicit and parametric differentiation, higher-order derivatives.

Integration by substitution, by parts, by partial fractions, standard integrals. Definite integrals — fundamental theorem of calculus, properties (symmetry, periodicity), area under curves, area between two curves.

Order and degree, formation of ODEs, variable separable method, homogeneous differential equations, linear first-order ODEs, integrating factor method, applications — population growth, radioactive decay, Newtonian cooling.

Straight lines — slope, intercepts, various forms, angle between lines. Circles — standard forms, tangent and normal, family of circles. Conic sections — parabola, ellipse, hyperbola — standard equations, tangent, normal, chord of contact, locus problems.

Direction cosines and direction ratios, equation of a line in 3D (symmetric and vector forms), equation of a plane, angle between line and plane, distance from a point to a plane, coplanarity, shortest distance between skew lines.

Vectors and scalars, position vectors, types of vectors, scalar and vector products, scalar triple product, section formula in 3D, projection of a vector, linear independence, collinearity and coplanarity using vectors.

Mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation. Random variables, probability distributions, conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem, Bernoulli trials, binomial distribution (mean, variance), geometric distribution.

Trigonometric ratios and identities, compound and multiple angle formulae, sum-to-product and product-to-sum formulae, inverse trigonometric functions with domains and ranges, properties of triangles (sine rule, cosine rule, area formula), general solutions of trigonometric equations.